Ingxoxo noDkt Markus Demmel, iPhini likaMqondisi we-Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Animal Husbandry, Bavarian State Research Centre for Agriculture, Freising kanye noSihlalo we-Agritechnica Innovation Commission.
Ku-Agritechnica 2022, abakhangisi abangu-164 bathumele imibono yabo emisha yezohwebo ukuze bathole Indondo Yokusungula. Zingaki izindondo osuziklomelise ngalesi sikhathi futhi ucabanga ukuthi yiziphi izimbangi ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusungula?
UDkt Demmel: I-Innovation Commission kulo nyaka inamalungu angama-36, angabameli besayensi nocwaningo, abeluleki kanye nabalimi abangochwepheshe. Ijaji likhethe izindondo zegolide eziyi-16 nesiliva. Omunye wabashayeli abakhulu be innovation wushintsho ezidingweni zezolimo. Lokhu akusekho nje ukukhulisa ukusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yezindlela zokusebenza, kodwa kuya ngokuya kumayelana negalelo lobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni okusimeme kwezolimo.
Iyiphi indima edlalwa izici ezifana nokunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi kanye nokuncipha kwenkimbinkimbi ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bezolimo namuhla?
UDkt. Demmel: Lezi zindlela zakudala ezisohlwini ziyaqhubeka zibaluleke kakhulu njengoba zinethonya emsebenzini wansuku zonke kanye nempumelelo yezomnotho emapulazini.
Futhi ukusebenza kahle, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli nokwanda kokukhiqiza?
UDkt Demmel: Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwabakhiqizi bemishini yezolimo luyaqhubeka nokugxila kulezi zici. Kodwa namuhla bonke baya ngokuya begxila enqubweni ephelele yokusebenza, ukwenziwa kahle kwayo kanye negalelo umshini omusha noma into ethuthukisiwe engayenza kukho. Ukusebenza kahle nokukhiqiza kunendima, kodwa akuseyona yodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izici ziya ziba zibaluleke kakhulu.
Uqonde izihloko ezifana nokuvikelwa kwenhlabathi, izitshalo zokubamba, ukuhlwanyela ngokunemba, ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo okuncane kwamakhemikhali kanye nomshini kakhudlwana, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kotshani ezikhiqizweni ezihlanganisiwe?
UDkt Demmel: Ngokuzayo, ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezolimo kuzolinganiswa kakhulu ngeqhaza lako ezinhlosweni zokusimama ezaziwayo lezo ezolimo ezizinikele kuzo. Izihloko ozishilo zihlobene nalokhu. Kodwa kuzodingeka siqhubekele phambili, isibonelo, ekunikeleni ubuchwepheshe bezolimo ekulondolozweni noma ekuthuthukiseni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Kulo nyaka, indondo yegolide iklonyeliswe kugandaganda wesistimu ye-Controlled Traffic Farming. Inhloso ukunika amandla ukudliwa kwe-CO2 ephezulu ngokusebenzisa ezolimo - "ukulima ngekhabhoni". Ukwehliswa kokukhishwa kwe-CO2 kuphinde kugqanyiswe kwezinye izindondo ezine zesiliva. Ingabe isihloko okwamanje sisese side effect eyamukelekayo noma ingabe ukuncishiswa kwe-CO2 sekuvele kuwumshayeli oyinhloko wokusungula eminyangweni yezokuthuthukiswa namuhla?
UDkt. Demmel: Ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele siqaphele kakhulu ngesihloko “sokulima ngekhabhoni” ukuze singathembisi okungaphezu kwalokho esingakwazi ukukufeza. Amasu amasha aklonyeliswe yiKhomishana Yokusungula, abonakala, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2. Ezolimo nazo zibanga ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 okufanele sikunciphise. Abakhiqizi bemishini yezolimo sebevele baqalile ukusebenza kulokhu esikhathini esidlule futhi yile ndlela ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo kuzokalwa ngayo esikhathini esizayo. Endabeni yendondo yegolide, udaba lwe-CO2 bekungelona ukuphela kwesinqumo, nakuba amadrayivu kagesi kanye nethemba lokukhiqiza ugesi odingekayo ngamaseli kaphethiloli kunomthelela ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 okuqondile. Kumajaji, isici esinqumayo kwakuwumqondo osunguliwe jikelele, owedlula kakhulu lokho osekwaziwa kuze kube manje futhi osekugcwaliseke ngokucacile, nazo zonke izici zawo ezisohlwini lwezizathu ezinemininingwane.