Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezakhamzimba zikamanyolo kungadala ukukhula nezinkinga zekhwalithi ezitshalweni zemifino.
Amanzi okunisela anganikeza ingxenye enkulu yomsoco odingwa yisitshalo, ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen, futhi lezi zakhi zomzimba kufanele zibalwe ohlelweni lwakho lukamanyolo jikelele.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwazi ukuminyana kwezakhamzimba emanzini akho okunisela nokuthi ugcwalisa amanzi angakanani.
Isingeniso
Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezakhamzimba zikamanyolo kungadala ukukhula nezinkinga zekhwalithi ezitshalweni zemifino.
Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa okungaphezulu kwe-nitrogen kungaholela ekukhuleni okuphezulu ngokweqile nezinkinga zekhwalithi ezitshalweni eziningi zemifino kufaka phakathi izaqathe, amazambane, ulethisi nama-brassicas.
Izakhamzimba ezifakwe esitshalweni esivela emanzini okunisela kufanele zibalwe ohlelweni lwakho lukamanyolo jikelele.
Amanzi avela emabhoreni noma emadamini asetshenziselwa ukunisela izitshalo awahlanzekile. Kanye nosawoti ovamile (i-sodium chloride), amanzi okunisela ngokuvamile aqukethe izakhamzimba ezibalulekile ukukhulisa ukukhula njenge-calcium, i-magnesium, i-nitrogen, i-potassium kanye ne-phosphorus kwesinye isikhathi. Uma ukuminyana kwalezi zakhi zomzimba kanye nenani lamanzi asetshenziswayo liphezulu, izithako eziningi zingasetshenziswa esitshalweni lapho unisela.
Ubuningi bomsoco obusetshenzisiwe
Inani lomsoco ofakwa emanzini okunisela lingabalwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlaziya ukuphakelwa kwamanzi ukunquma ukugxila kwezakhamzimba emanzini okunisela. Inani lamanzi okunisela elizosetshenziswa esitshalweni nalo kufanele linqunywe.
Ukubalwa okusheshayo kwezakhamzimba okusetshenziswe emanzini okunisela kunganqunywa kuThebula 1.
Izinga lamanzi asetshenzisiwe kanye nesampuli
Ukuthola ukuthi angakanani amanzi okunisela asetshenziswa nsuku zonke noma masonto onke ngohlelo lwakho, sebenzisa idatha yokufafaza ethembekile noma ulinganise okukhishwayo ngamageji emvula.
Lapho uqoqa isampula lamanzi lokuhlaziya izakhamzimba, vumela uhlelo lokunisela lusebenze imizuzu emihlanu bese ugeza ibhodlela leplastiki elihlanzekile noma imbiza nesivalo salo ngamanzi okunisela.
Ngemuva kokukhipha amanzi okugeza, qoqa isampula lamanzi eliyi-100 kuye ku-200mL kusuka kokufafazayo bese ubeka isivalo ngokuqinile esitsheni. Ungasigcwalisi ngokuphelele isitsha ngoba kungadingeka ukuthi senziwe iqhwa ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa. Isampula yamanzi kufanele idluliselwe ngokushesha elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe.
Ngemuva kokuhlaziywa kwesampula, uzothola ishidi lemiphumela. Imiphumela efakwe kuhlu kufanele ifake:
- inani le-nitrogen (inani-N)
- i-nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) kanye ne-ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N)
- i-phosphorus (P)
- i-potassium (K)
- isibabule (S)
- i-calcium (Ca)
- i-magnesium (Mg).
Ukunquma ukugxila kwesakhi sesampula, inani eliphelele kufanele lisetshenziswe. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuhlaziywa kwe-nitrogen kuvezwa kuphela njenge-nitrate, hlukanisa inombolo ngo-4.5 ukuthola ukugxila kwe-nitrate-nitrogen. Isibonelo, i-nitrate engu-45mg / L ilingana no-10mg / L we-nitrate-nitrogen.
Kusetshenzisiwe umsoco
Njengesibonelo, i-nitrogen isiyonke efakwe esitshalweni semifino kusuka emanzini okunisela ingu-14kg / ha / ngesonto uma u-10mm wamanzi wokunisela nge-nitrogen concentration ka-20mg / L efakwa nsuku zonke isonto (okusho ukuthi, 70mm wamanzi wokunisela isonto). Lesi sibalo siboniswa ngokugqamile kuThebula 1.
Amanzi asetshenzisiwe (mm) | 1 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.30 |
5 | 0.05 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.25 | 1.50 |
10 | 0.10 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 2.00 | 2.50 | 3.00 |
15 | 0.15 | 0.75 | 1.50 | 2.25 | 3.00 | 3.75 | 4.50 |
20 | 0.20 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 6.00 |
25 | 0.25 | 1.25 | 2.50 | 3.75 | 5.00 | 6.25 | 7.50 |
30 | 0.30 | 1.50 | 3.00 | 4.50 | 6.00 | 7.50 | 9.00 |
35 | 0.35 | 1.75 | 3.50 | 5.25 | 7.00 | 8.75 | 10.50 |
40 | 0.40 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 6.00 | 8.00 | 10.00 | 12.00 |
45 | 0.45 | 2.02 | 4.50 | 6.75 | 9.00 | 11.25 | 13.50 |
50 | 0.50 | 2.50 | 5.00 | 7.50 | 10.00 | 12.50 | 15.00 |
55 | 0.55 | 2.75 | 5.50 | 8.25 | 11.00 | 13.75 | 16.50 |
60 | 0.60 | 3.00 | 6.00 | 9.00 | 12.00 | 15.00 | 18.00 |
65 | 0.65 | 3.25 | 6.50 | 9.75 | 13.00 | 16.25 | 19.50 |
70 | 0.70 | 3.50 | 7.00 | 10.50 | 14.00 | 17.50 | 21.00 |
Qaphela: Ama-milligram ngelitha ngalinye (mg / L) alingana nezingxenye ngesigidi ngasinye (ppm).
Ngesivuno samasonto ayishumi, inani eliphelele le-nitrogen elisetshenziswa emanzini okunisela lizoba ngu-10kg / ha. Izinga lomanyolo we-nitrogen ofakwe esitshalweni kufanele wehliswe ngenani elibalwe impilo yesitshalo (ngokwesibonelo, i-140kg N / ha).