I-Colorado potato beetle ithuthukise ukumelana nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50 zemithi yokubulala izinambuzane, okwenza lesi sinambuzane sibe “inkathazo enkulu” edala umonakalo omkhulu kumazambane emhlabeni jikelele.
Ucwaningo olusha luthola ukuthi ibhungane lifinyelele lesi senzo ngokuphendukela echibini elijulile lokuhlukahluka ngaphakathi kwe-genome yalo, okwavumela abantu abahlukene kulo lonke elase-US ukuthi basheshe bashintshe ukumelana cishe nanoma yini abantu abayiphonse kuyo. Ingcebo yokuhlukahluka kwezinambuzane kanye nenqwaba yezakhi zofuzo zokumelana ezikhona cishe kuzokwenza kube nzima ukulawula esikhathini esizayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abacwaningi bezinambuzane ezintsha bathuthukisa ini. Kodwa ukuqonda okusha ngezinsizakusebenza zezakhi zofuzo zezinambuzane kungasiza ososayensi ukuthi baklame izinhlelo zokuphatha ezizigcina zilawulwa.
“Leli bhungane lalingomunye wabokuqala ukuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali enkathini yanamuhla, futhi liphumelele kakhulu ekuguqukeni ngaphambi kwalezo zihlaselo,” kusho USean Schoville, uprofesa wesayensi yezinambuzane eNyuvesi yaseWisconsin-Madison owahola ukuhlaziywa okusha. “Kwezinye izinambuzane esinethemba lokuzilawula, kunezifundo okufanele zifundwe ngokutadisha lesi sinambuzane. Yiziphi izindlela ezisetshenziswa yilesi sinambuzane ukuze sidlule kulezi zinambuzane?”
Kanye nabalingani bakhe e-UW-Madison nakwezinye izikhungo, iSchoville washicilela okutholakele kwakhe Januwari 19 kumagazini Molecular Biology and Evolution.
Ithimba likaSchoville okokuqala kwalandela i-genome ye-Colorado potato beetle ngo-2018. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, baye bahlola i-genome ukuze baqonde ukuthi isinambuzane singanqoba kanjani izibulala-zinambuzane ezintsha ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuze benze kanjalo, bahlele izimbungulu eziningana ezivela kulo lonke elase-US. Lezi zinhlobo zesifunda ziyahlukahluka ngokuthi zimelana neziphi izibulala-zinambuzane nokuthi zivelaphi, okunganikeza izinkomba zomlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwalesi sinambuzane.
Ososayensi bathole ukuthi la maqembu ahlukene esifunda ashintsha ngokushesha ngoba abazali bawo base benazo izinsiza zofuzo ezidingekayo ukuze banqobe izibulala-zinambuzane.
“Izakhi zofuzo eziguqukayo zaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi zihilelekile ekumelaneni nezinambuzane,” kusho uSchoville. “Kodwa okuthakazelisayo ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zishintsha izingxenye ezahlukene zezakhi zofuzo noma izakhi zofuzo ezahlukene endleleni efanayo.” Le ndlela efanayo, kodwa engafani, yokumelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene yaziwa ngokuthi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuphindaphindiwe.
Lokhu kuthuthuka okusheshayo okusekelwe ebuningini bokuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo okukhona kungqubuzana nemodeli endala yokuziphendukela kwemvelo eyayicabanga ukuthi izinguquko ezingavamile kufanele zivele kancane kancane kubantu. Nakuba izinguquko ezintsha ziyathuthuka futhi zingaba negalelo zinambuzane Ukumelana, impendulo esheshayo yebhungane lamazambane kumakhemikhali amasha ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zezwe ingachazwa kuphela ngokuhlukahluka kwalo okukhona.
Lokhu okutholakele kuyizindaba ezingamukeleki kubalimi nososayensi abanethemba lokuguqula isimo ekuhlaselweni kwe-Colorado potato beetle. USchoville uthi kubonakala kungenakwenzeka ukuthi ngisho nesibulala-zinambuzane esisha sha singagcina lesi sinambuzane siqaphile isikhathi eside. Kodwa sihlome ngolwazi lokuthi i-Colorado potato beetle igweme kanjani ukuhlasela kwemboni kuze kube manje, ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo lungasiza ekukhiqizeni amasu okudala okuhambisana nalesi sitha.
“Amamodeli ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu angasisiza sifunde ukuthi amasu okuphatha ahlukene athinta kanjani ukuvela kwebhungane,” kusho uSchoville. “Lokho kungasivumela ukuthi sishintshe indlela yethu yokuphatha ukuze sinciphise ijubane.”
Ngokuvamile, ukwehluleka kokulawula nge-Colorado potato beetle kubangelwa ezinye izici ngaphandle kokumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane kuphela. Isikhathi sokufafaza Kubalulekile ekulawuleni. Ukutshala kwezibungu ebusika kukhangwa amasimu isikhathi esingamasonto amaningana; ukufafaza isibulala-zinambuzane kusenesikhathi kungalawula ingxenye yalezo zibungu. Kodwa-ke, ukulinda kuze kube yilapho izibungu sezikhule ngokugcwele kwandisa amathuba okwehluleka ukulawula. Izibungu ezincane kulula kakhulu ukuzilawula ngesibulala-zinambuzane kunezinkulu. Ukusebenzisa inani elifanele lesibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokuthola ukumbozwa okuphelele kwezitshalo kubalulekile.
Lesi sihloko sivela kumagazini kaMeyi 2022 we- Umtshali Wamazambane.
