I-UK's Brexit ivotela ukushiya ifayela le- European Inyunyana ibiphethe izihloko zezindaba kusukela ekupheleni kukaJuni, kepha uzoba yini umphumela embonini yamazambane?
NguCedric Porter ka Izimakethe Zamazambane Emhlaba
NgoJuni 23 2016 abantu baseBrithani banikezwa ithuba lokukhetha "Ingabe i-United Kingdom kufanele ihlale ililungu le-European noma ishiye i-European Union?" Kubantu abayizigidi ezingama-33.5 abavote u-51.9% bakhethe ukuhamba beno-48.1% abafuna ukusala. Kube umphumela othuse abaningi, futhi uzoba nomthelela omkhulu e-UK nase-European Union futhi uzoba nomthelela embonini yamazambane.
Kanye neJalimane, i-UK imakethe enkulu yamazambane yase-EU esebenzisa amathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyisithupha amazambane nemikhiqizo yamazambane njalo ngonyaka. Ngokuvunwa cishe kwamathani ayizigidi ezi-5.5 ngonyaka, i-UK ayakhiqizi amazambane anele ukufeza izidingo zayo ukungenisa ukulingana okungaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi ezimbili amazambane ngonyaka okwenza kube ngelinye lamakhemikhali amazambane abaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni.
Kungenzeka ukuthi i-UK izohlala e-EU kuze kufike intwasahlobo ka-2019. Kuze kube yilelo suku ngeke kube noshintsho ebudlelwaneni obuphakathi kwe-UK ne-EU ngakho ezohwebo zizokwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka phakathi kwezwe namanye amazwe angama-27 e-EU. nezakhamizi zalawo mazwe nazo zikwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka.
Iminyaka emibili ezayo izothathwa ngokuxoxisana ngomkhumbi wobudlelwano phakathi kwe-UK ne-EU ngemuva kweBrexit kugxilwe ezindaweni ezimbili ezibalulekile - ezohwebo nokunyakaza kwabantu nabasebenzi.
UKUPHULEKA KWEZIMBALI EZIKHULU ZE-UK
Ngonyaka kuya ku-Ephreli i-UK yathumela i-GBP266m (EUR332.5m) amazambane amaningi nemikhiqizo yamazambane kunokuthekelisa okuthengisiwe ezweni okubiza ngaphezu kwama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane. Ukushoda okukhulu kukuhweba amafries afriziwe nokungeniswa kwe-UK
Umkhiqizo omningi we-GBP320m (EUR400m) kunomkhiqizo owuthumela ngaphandle cishe nakho konke ukungenisa kwawo okuvela e-EU. Uma kungafinyelelwa esivumelwaneni sokuhweba, i-UK ingaphoqa intela evunyelwene umhlaba wonke ye-World Trade Organisation yentela engu-14.4% kokungeniswa kwempahla ezweni, ikhuphule intengo yokungenisa ngaphakathi. Lokho okuthengwa kwamanye amazwe sekuvele kwabiza kakhulu selokhu kwaba nenhlolovo ngenxa yokwehla kwenani likapondo. Ukuhlaziywa kweMakethe Yamazambane Emhlaba kuphakamisa ukuthi intengo yamathosi angenisiwe ngamakhilogremu angakhuphuka ngama-25% onyakeni olandelayo ngenxa yomphumela wemali.
Lokho kunganciphisa ukufunwa kokungeniswa ngamaphesenti ayi-17. Intela ye-WTO kumazambane embewu ingaphansi kuneminye imikhiqizo ngo-4.5%.
I-UK ibuye ingenise kakhulu ama-amazambane amazambane nofulawa kunalokho okuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe, kepha kunezindawo lapho kungumthengisi wamazwe angaphandle khona. Okubaluleke kakhulu imbewu yamazambane. Ngonyaka kuya ku-Ephreli kukhona ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwakukhona i-GBP35 million (EUR43.75m) ngaphezulu kokungeniswa kwempahla ku-GBP44m (EUR55m). Cishe i-65% yokuthengiswa kwembewu yase-UK kuyizimakethe ezingezona ze-EU nengxenye yakho konke okuthengiselwa iGibhithe.
Imali ekhokhwayo embewini yamazambane ingu-4.5% kuphela ngakho-ke noma ngabe bekungekho ukuhweba nge-EU bekungaba nomthelela omncane ekuhwebeni kwembewu yaseBrithani ne-EU. I-UK ibuye inensalela encane emikhiqizweni yamazambane aphelelwe ngamanzi kufaka phakathi ama-chips, noma njengoba abaseBrithani bewabiza kanjalo, ama-crisps. Ngokusha, noma okuthengiswayo, amazambane okusilela ekuhwebeni kwe-UK akuyona imakethe kangako nemikhiqizo. Kweminye iminyaka umehluko phakathi kokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuncane. Ngonyaka kuya ku-Ephreli 2016 ukungeniswa kwempahla bekuku-GBP77m (EUR96.25m) futhi kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe nge-GBP57m (EUR71.25 m). Kodwa ngonyaka kuya ku-Ephreli 2013 kulandela isivuno esimanzi kakhulu ngo-2012 okwaholela ekuvuneni okuncane kakhulu, i-UK yathumela amazambane e-GBP121m ngaphezulu kunalokho eyakuthumela kwamanye amazwe. Esikhathini samanje sendodana yolwandle ka-2016/17 kunethemba lokuthi i-UK ingaba ngumthumeli ngaphandle kwamazambane ngenxa yezithelo ezingekho kahle kanye nesitshalo esincane esifundeni esikhulayo se-EU eNyakatho yeFrance, eBelgium naseNetherlands kanye nezimo ezingcono UK kanye nokuncintisana kwephawundi laseBrithani.