Imisele eminingi ayinalutho ensimini enothuli ezintabeni zaseBolivia. Kufanele igcwale izitshalo zamazambane ezilungele ukuvunwa, kodwa inhlanganisela ebulalayo yesomiso nesithwathwa yabonakala ingaphezu kwesivuno.
UCristobal Pongo, omunye wabalimi abaningi beqembu lomdabu wase-Aymara abanikela ngezimpilo zabo ekulimeni amazambane kule ndawo esengozini enkulu yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ubukeka edangele kulesi simo esibuhlungu.
“Izambane liyimpilo yethu. Siyavuna, siyathengisa…Kuyindlela yethu yokuziphilisa… (kuyakhokhela) imfundo yezingane zethu,” lo wesilisa, 64, utshele i-AFP ngesikhathi eguqe ensimini yakhe ebangeni elingamamitha angu-4,000 (amafidi angu-13,100) ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Kulo nyaka, iPongo ngeke ibe nalutho olungadayiswa emakethe eCalamarca, cishe amakhilomitha angama-70 eningizimu yenhloko-dolobha iLa Paz. Akazi ukuthi uzokwenzani.
“Ungqoqwane ulibulele amazambane… Bheka, lifile,” esho, ewile.
Izitshalo zasoPhongo akuzona zodwa ezithintwa isimo sezulu esibi ngesikhathi sokukhula. Futhi ukushoda okuholele ekutheni intengo yamazambane ikhuphuke ngokuphindwe kasikhombisa kuya cishe ku-$2 ngekhilogremu (amaphawundi angu-2.2) kwezinye izimakethe.
Lokhu ezweni lapho abangaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yabantu behlala ebumpofu, ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni.
Ongoti bathi izimvula zonyaka ezifike sekwephuzile kanye nesithwathwa esingafikanga ziwumphumela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
“Izindawo eziphakeme, kanye…
“Lezi zinguquko seziyabonakala manje. Imvula ishoda kakhulu,” etshela abe-AFP.
'Isimo sezulu esibucayi'
Imvamisa, lesi sifunda sithola amaphesenti angama-70 emvula yaso yonyaka phakathi kukaNovemba noMashi, kodwa ngo-2022, yafika kuphela ekupheleni kukaDisemba.
Lokhu kubambezeleka kuphinde kwadala umonakalo ezifundeni zase-Andean ePeru engumakhelwane, ememezele isimo esiphuthumayo sezinsuku ezingama-60 ezifundeni ezimbalwa ngoDisemba ngenxa yesomiso.
Kakade ngo-2010, ucwaningo lwe-Association of the American Geographers, iphephabhuku elibuyekezwe ngontanga, lwaxwayisa ngokuthi “ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu e-Altiplano (noma ezintabeni) kungase kube nemiphumela engathi sína ekuphathweni kwamanzi nakwezolimo zoMdabu.”
Futhi ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ngo-2019 ephephabhukwini iFrontiers in Environmental Science luthe ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu okubangelwa abantu kusize ukuchaza “izinguquko ezimbi zemvula ezitholwe e-Altiplano phakathi namashumi eminyaka edlule.”
Ngokusho kwe-International Potato Center, ezinze ePeru, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-4,000 zamazambane adliwayo - isitshalo sesithathu esilinywa kakhulu ukuze sisetshenziswe abantu ngemuva kwelayisi nokolweni.
Iningi labo litholakala e-Andes yaseNingizimu Melika.
UPongo manje sekumele alinde kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba ukuze atshale kabusha isilimo sakhe, njengoba eseyekile ukuba nesivuno esiwusizo kulokhu.
Uma kungakabi namvula ngaleso sikhathi, kuzomele alinde isikhathi eside njengoba inhlabathi idinga ukuba nomswakama ukuze amazambane aqhume.
Kodwa uma elinda isikhathi eside kakhulu, isithwathwa sasebusika esifika ngaphambi kwesikhathi singaphinde sibulale izithelo zomsebenzi wakhe.
Ngenxa yalokhu kungaqiniseki, uPhongo nabanye omakhelwane sebeqalile ukusebenzisa izindlu zokushisa ezakhiwe ngokusekelwa yinhlangano ezimele yendawo, iCipca, esiza abalimi abasafufusa.
“Ezinkangala zaseBolivia, siyibona ngokugcwele imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu,” kusho uchwepheshe wakwaCupca u-Orlando Ticona.
“Sibhekene nenkinga yesimo sezulu, esibe nomthelela omkhulu kuzo zonke izitshalo ezisezinkangala, okungamazambane kanye nezinhlamvu zase-Andean. Izambane kakhulu.”
Uma kungenjalo ensimini, amazambane angakhiqizwa ngempumelelo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, kusho uTicona.
Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwe-greenhouse kunqunyelwe ezindaweni ezincane kakhulu, okusho ukuthi abalimi bangakhiqiza okwanele ukuze bazisebenzise, kodwa akwanele ukuthengisa.
"Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ... kubeka ukuphepha kokudla engcupheni ngoba kungafika lapho abalimi bengakwazi ngisho ukuzikhiqizela bona," kusho uTicona.
“Anginalo ithemba,” kusho uPhongo.
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