Amanani kamanyolo: abalimi bakholelwa ekukhohliseni nasekunxenxeni ubulungiswa

Abalimi base-US bakholelwa ukuthi amanani aphezulu kamanyolo nawo abangelwa ukuxhashazwa kwemakethe. Bacela ukuthi kube nophenyo ngabomthetho.

Iqembu labalimi e-US ngokusobala libuze i-US UMnyango Wezobulungiswa ukuze kuphenywe ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi ukunyuka kwamanani kamanyolo kwakamuva kubangelwe ukuxhashazwa kwezimakethe yizinkampani zikamanyolo. Iqembu, okungaphansi kwalo abalimi abangaphezu kuka-6,000, lithatha lokho izinkampani zikamanyolo zibeka intengo "hhayi ngesisekelo sokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo, kodwa kunalokho ukuthi kusekelwe enanini umlimi alitholayo ngezinto zakhe zokusetshenziswa," kusho incwadi yokuqala eyabikwa yi-Reuters ne-Bloomberg izinhlangano zezindaba.

The amanani kamanyolo ziye zafinyelela ukuphakama kwerekhodi lomhlaba kulo nyaka, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamanani aphezulu okurekhoda okudingekayo ekukhiqizeni kwawo igesi yemvelo, okungenani abahlaziyi bathi abakhiqizi bomanyolo be-UDN. E-USA, kuphinde kwaba neziphepho ezinamandla njengeSiphepho i-Ida, esiphazamise ukukhiqizwa kukamanyolo namakhemikhali ezolimo ezitshalweni eziningi ezinkulu.

Nokho, iqembu labalimi liyasho encwadini yalo ukuthi umanyolo izinkampani kungenzeka zinyuse amanani kamanyolo ngenxa yamanani aphezulu okusanhlamvu. Lokhu kufakazelwa ukuthi kube khona okuqinile ukugxila embonini kamanyolo yase-US kusukela ngawo-1980. Kusukela ezinkampanini zangaphambilini ezingama-46, imakethe yehle yaba yizinkampani eziyi-13.

Isibonelo, izinkampani ezimbili, okuyiNutrien Ltd kanye neMosaic Co., zilawula cishe amaphesenti angama-93 emakethe ye-potash yaseNyakatho Melika, kusho umbiko ka-2020 weFederal Trade Commission. Ngo-2019, yizinkampani ezine kuphela ezabalelwa ku-75% wokukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kukamanyolo osuselwa ku-nitrogen e-United States. Namuhla izinkampani ezine ezihamba phambili kulo mkhakha yiCF Industries, Nutrien, Koch kanye neYara-USA.

Ngokusho kokuhlolwa kwabalimi abahlelwe ku-Family Farmer Alliances, ukuhlukunyezwa kwemakethe kungenzeka uma izinga lokugxila lezinkampani ezine ezinkulu lidlula ama-40%. “Uma lezi zinkampani zikamanyolo zibophela amanani entengo yemikhiqizo yazo ekukhokheni kwabalimi esikhundleni sokunikezela nokufuna, lokho kufana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphela,” kusho uPhilip Howard we-International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems.

Imboni kamanyolo iyaziphika lezi zinsolo

"Isakhiwo sale mboni sinamandla okuxhaphaza abalimi ngempela," kusho uDkt. Philip Howard, uprofesa ohlangene eMichigan State University kanye nochwepheshe bokuhlanganiswa kwemboni yokudla, etshela abeReuters.

U-Ben Pratt, iphini likamongameli omkhulu wezindaba zomphakathi esikhungweni sikamanyolo uMosaic, nokho, ukuphikile ukuthi abakhiqizi bakamanyolo babeka amanani, wathi ukunyuka kwamanje kungenxa yezinto eziningi kanye "nokwehla kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe okuvela emazweni athile athumela ngaphandle, okuhlanganisa iChina neRussia, kanye nesidingo esisodwa esinamandla emhlabeni jikelele ".

Abanye abathathu abahamba phambili abakhiqizi bakamanyolo abazange baphendule izicelo zokuphawula ngalezi zinsolo, kubika iReuters. UMnyango Wezobulungiswa (i-DOJ) awukaphenduli esicelweni sokuphawula. Kodwa-ke, uhulumeni wakwaBiden uthembise ukuthi uzothatha isinyathelo sokuhlanganisa umkhakha wezolimo abalimi kudala bethi uhlanekezela ukuncintisana futhi andise izindleko zabo.

Ngonyaka odlule, ngokugqugquzelwa ngabaphathi bakaTrump ngaleso sikhathi, uMnyango Wezobulungiswa waseMelika waphenya okungenzeka ukuthi kwasetshenziswa amanani emakethe yezinkomo ngesikhathi senhlekelele yeCorona. Ngaleso sikhathi intengo yokudayisa yenyuka kuyilapho amanani omkhiqizi ehla kakhulu. Izinhlangano zabakhiqizi nazo zazimangalele ngaleso sikhathi. UNobhala Wezolimo wase-US u-Tom Vilsack muva nje uthe amalungelo obunikazi embewu nawo azobhekwana nawo.

I-Family Farm Action Alliance icela uMnyango Wezobulungiswa wase-US ukuthi uphenye ukuthi izenzo zezinkampani zikamanyolo zihlanekezela kangakanani imakethe, lokhu kunamthelela muni kubalimi, nokuthi kuyadingeka yini ukungenelela kwezombusazwe ukuze kulungiswe ukuhlanekezelwa okunjalo. 

UMnyango Wezezimali wase-US umemezele ukuthi uzosusa unswinyo ngokumelene nokungeniswa kukamanyolo we-potash ovela eBelarus ngo-Ephreli ngonyaka ozayo. "Lokhu kuwukuwina komlimi waseMelika," kusho uChris Edgington, umlimi nomongameli weNational Corn Growers Association. “Kunzima kakhulu kubalimi ukuthi bathole umvundiso, ngakho intuthuko le kayifikanga ngesikhathi esingcono.”

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