Iphakethe elincane lezinsizakusebenza nesomiso seminyaka yamuva kusho ukuthi ingcindezi yama-wireworms yanda ngokushesha. Inkinga, phakathi kokunye, ekutshalweni kwamazambane endaweni yotshani edabukile noma eziqeshini ezinomquba osele osele. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu, umonakalo wezezimali ufinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziningana zama-euro ngehektare ngalinye.
Isivuno samahektha ayisishiyagalombili ama-acreage amazambane sinqatshiwe ngenxa yomonakalo owenziwe yimibungu ye-wireworms. Lapha izinga lokutheleleka lalingamaphesenti ayi-8 noma ngaphezulu. Sikunciphisile ukukhokha kwezinye iziza ngomonakalo omncane, 'kusho umlimi olimekayo uMischa Raedts. 'Ngaphezu kwalokho, sisebenzise imali eningi emithini yokubulala izinambuzane engaba namphumela omncane.'
URaedts ulinganisela ukulahleka okuphelele ngenxa ye-wireworms yalonyaka kuma-euro ayizi-75,000. 'Lokho kufanele okungenani kube yinzuzo yethu,' uphetha. Lo somabhizinisi unepulazi elilimekayo ngokubambisana nabazali bakhe eSevenum, eLimburg. Zitshala amahektha ayi-100 amazambane esewonke, amanye awo athengiswa njenge-bantam. 'Kungalezi zilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane lapho umthelela womonakalo ophuma ezinsungwini ze-wirew udlula khona kakhulu.'
Ama-euro ayi-5,000 ihektha ngalinye
Umlimi olimekayo uJos Derks waseVolkel, eBrabant, unokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo namazambane amazambane amtshalele u-Aviko. 'Uma amazambane enqatshwa efektri bese kuvela ukuthi akulungele ukucubungula amaflake, kuzokubiza amasenti ayi-10 ngekhilo. Ngehektha ngalinye, umonakalo wezezimali obangelwa yi-wireworms uyobe umane ufike kuma-euro ayizi-5,000 XNUMX, 'kubala iDerks.
Womabili amaRaedts noDerks aqaphela ukuthi ukuhlaselwa yimibungu ye-wireworm ikakhulukazi, kepha nezinambuzane zenhlabathi ezifana nama-grub kanye namajacket esikhumba, kuye kwanda eminyakeni yamuva. IDerks ibona ubudlelwane nokungabikho kobusika obunzima. 'Sishintshana ngomhlaba omningi nabalimi bemfuyo ngamazambane nokutshalwa ezindaweni ezinotshani obuqhekekile kuyingozi ngokwenzeka kulo monakalo.'
Ukufuna umswakama
Ngaphezu kobusika obuncane, uRaedts ukhomba ethonyeni lehlobo elomile leminyaka yamuva. 'Kusukela ngo-2018, sizoba nomonakalo omningi minyaka yonke. Kubukeka sengathi ama-wireworms maningi amathuba okuthi adle amazambane lapho ethungatha umswakama ngesikhathi sesomiso esibi kakhulu. Inkinga enkulu kithi ukuthi sinezinketho ezimbalwa zokulawula okusebenzayo. Sintula amathuluzi afanele alokhu. '
Okutholwe ngabalimi bobabili abalinywayo kuqinisekiswa ngumeluleki wezitshalo uJos Leenders we-Agrifirm. Ukunyamalala kwemikhiqizo eminingi esebenzayo ikakhulukazi, kepha nokukhethwa komanyolo okuluhlaza okotshani kuholele ekucindezelweni okwengeziwe kusuka kwizikelemu ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva. Lokhu kubonakala ngokucacile ezindaweni eziningi ezingenalutho ezindaweni ezinotshani. '
Izinsiza ezindala nezamanje
Ababolekisi babalula iMocap, iCondor neDursban njengezibonelo zama-ejenti wokulwa nezikelemu ezivele sezinyamalele. Ngezindlela zamanje, umphumela we-Vydate ezinambuzaneni zenhlabathi, ngokwesibonelo, ulingene futhi neNemathorin, kuncike kakhulu ekutholakaleni komswakama owanele ngesikhathi esifanele.
Okungenzeka ukuthi, i-ejenti yeSyngenta Force Evo ivunyelwe kumazambane nasemmbileni kusukela kulo nyaka. Lo mkhiqizo wesenzo somhwamuko ulwa ngqo nezibungu ze-wireworms hhayi ama-nematode. Ngokusho komnikazi wokugunyazwa, imiphumela yokuhlolwa iyethembisa.
Izinhlobo zezizathu
Kuzwelonke, umonakalo omkhulu ovela kuma-wireworms ungatholakala enhlabathini elula, emaphethelweni esakhiwo noma ezihlokweni zesihlabathi, ngokusho kwabakwaLeenders. 'Kodwa engisebenza nabo emhlabathini we-loess nabo babika ukuthi inkinga iya ngokuya iba yimbi. Inhlabathi yobumba nayo ayizweli kangako, kodwa futhi lapho, ukulimala kwamazambane ngemuva kokutshalwa otshanini obuqhekekile akunakuphikwa. '
Ngaphambi kokuba amaDerks aqale ukutshala emathafeni angaphethwe kahle noma endaweni lapho kugcinwe khona umquba oluhlaza ubusika bonke, uthatha amasampula. 'Kuhle ukwazi ukuthi ungalindela yini iminyundu. Ngemuva kwalokho okungenani unenketho yokuthatha izinyathelo ngesikhathi sokutshala. Akukho lutho ongalwenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwisizini. '
Ukulwa kudinga ukufunda
URaedts uthi ngonyaka odlule wazama konke ukulwa nezimpethu ezinama-wireworms kanye nomphathi wezolimo. Ngokwazi okuvunyelwe, sisebenzise izinsiza kusebenza futhi sitshale imali enkulu kuzo, kodwa ngeshwa akuphumelelanga. Kusadinga ukufunda ukwenza ukulwa okuhle. Ukunisela ngesikhathi esifanele kudlala indima ebalulekile, kodwa leyo yindaba enzima kithina. '
Ngenxa ye-wireworms, umlimi olimekayo waseLimburg ukhathazeke kakhulu ngokutholakala komhlaba wokulima amazambane esifundeni sakhe. 'Kumanje akulula ukuthola indawo eyanele yokulima ndawonye futhi lokhu kulimala kumane nje kuyisithiyo esengeziwe.'
Ucwaningo olukhulu olwenziwe
Ukuze kubhekwane nezinkinga ngezinambuzane zenhlabathi, uLeenders uphikisana nocwaningo olukhulu kakhulu. 'Asidingi izinsiza ezingcono kuphela, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ulwazi nokuqonda okuningi ngalezi zinambuzane eziyizinambuzane. Ucwaningo kumele lwenziwe kabanzi, lapho sifunda khona ukucabanga ngokuhlangene ezingeni lohlelo lokwakha, 'usho kanje.
'Ngingathanda ukwazi, isibonelo, ukuthi ithonya lini lokususa isitshalo somquba oluhlaza utshani ngaphambi kukaDisemba 1 kubantu besibungu se-wireworm. Sifuna ukuthola ukuqonda okwengeziwe ngokuxhumana okunjalo. '
I-Click beetle inomjikelezo wempilo weminyaka emithathu kuye kwemihlanu
Izinaliti ze-Zip zibizwa nangokuthi i-copperworms. Yizibungu zamabhungane achofozwa ancamela ukuhlala ezitshalweni ezinjengotshani, imbewu yotshani nezitshalo zokusanhlamvu. Emhlabeni jikelele izinhlobo eziyi-170 zamabhungane achofozwayo (Agriotes spp.) Ayaziwa. Izinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zifanele iNetherlands. Umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamabhungane wokuchofoza usekelwe, phakathi kokunye, ngezinga lobudlova. Uhlobo lwaseningizimu olunamandla omonakalo omkhulu lubonakala luhamba kancane lubheke eNyakatho Yurophu. Kuwebhusayithi ye i-bioKennisbank ithi chofoza amabhungane abekela amaqanda awo entwasahlobo emhlabathini omanzi ezitshalweni eziminyene. Izinaliti zeZebra zihlala emhlabathini iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu ngaphambi kokufunda. Izibungu ezincane kunazo zonke azibangeli monakalo futhi zondla ngezinto eziphilayo ezifile. Kusukela esigabeni sesibili sesibungu, izibungu zikhula zize zibe ngamamilimitha amahlanu noma ngaphezulu. Ekugcineni ama-wireworm afinyelela kubude obungaphezu kwamamilimitha angama-5. Izinaliti uziphu zidala umonakalo omkhulu entwasahlobo futhi ziwe lapho imisele yokwakha imanzi kakhulu. Umonakalo odalwe yimibungu yocingo uqukethe uhlangothi olulodwa lokulahleka kwesitshalo. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi kuklabishi, ushukela wezinyosi kanye nommbila. Ezithelweni zokuvuna, kukhona ukulimala kwekhwalithi ikakhulu, ngoba ama-wireworms enza izimbobo namaphaseji. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngamazambane, kepha izaqathe nazo zingathinteka. Empeleni, ukulawulwa kwe-wireworms kugxila kubhungane abadala bokuchofoza ngaphambi kokuba izinambuzane ziqale ukufaka amaqanda entwasahlobo. Emmbileni, ukulawula kungenzeka futhi ngokusetshenziswa kwembewu eboshwe. Izinaliti ngokwazo azisakwazi ukulawulwa ngenkathi yokukhula.