"Ukuyiqonda kangcono impilo yomhlabathi kuzoholela ezindleleni zokukhiqiza amazambane amaningi"
"Ngenye yezinselelo ezinkulu esinazo manje embonini yamazambane," kusho uChris Voigt, umqondisi omkhulu we-Washington State Potato Commission. “Asikwazi ukuhambisana nesidingo. Amakhasimende ethu abelokhu ethola izabelo eminyakeni eyisithupha edlule. Siwukhulisile umhlaba oniselwa ngenkasa eColombia Basin. ”
Enye yezinselelo ngamazambane akhulayo isikhathi esithathayo ukukhipha izinambuzane nezifo zamazambane emhlabathini. Ngaphandle kwe-fumigation, amazambane angatshalwa kuphela esiqeshini esifanayo njalo eminyakeni eyi-12. Uma kusetshenziswa ama-fumigants, lelo nani liyehla njalo eminyakeni emine. Ngisho nangama-fumigants, umbuso awukhiqizi amazambane anele.
Ukusiza ukukhulisa isivuno, ososayensi abesekelwa izibonelelo ezahlukahlukene nokuxhaswa okuvela ku-USDA, Isishayamthetho Sombuso waseWashington, iKhomishini Yamazambane eWashington State kanye nabaprosesa bamazambane bacwaninga ukuthi bangayithuthukisa kanjani impilo yomhlabathi kumazambane.
"Ukuqondwa okungcono kwempilo yomhlabathi kuzoholela ezindleleni zokukhiqiza amazambane amaningi," kusho uRichard Koenig, ongusihlalo woMnyango Wezitshalo Nenhlabathi yaseWashington State University. “Lokhu kungaba ngokwanda kwesivuno, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokushintshanisa ngaphambi kokuba abalimi babuyele kumazambane, noma kokubili. Okunye okhiye lapha ukuqonda ukuthi izindlela zokuphathwa kwenhlabathi zingazinciphisa kanjani izifo, nokuyinto ethikameza izitshalo eziningi futhi ezithinta izikhathi zokujikeleza. ”
Kwathunyelwa iphrojekthi ehlobo i-2018 ukuthi ihlole yonke imibhalo etholakalayo ephathelene nezifundo ezake zenziwa empilweni yomhlaba wamazambane.
"Besibheke ucwaningo eselukhona," kusho uKaren Hills, ongumhlanganyeli ocwaningweni lweCentre for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources for Washington State University. “Esizama ukukwenza ngalo mbhalo bekuwukubeka izinto eziseqhulwini maqondana nezidingo zocwaningo oluzayo. Sibheke okwenziwe nokuthi yini okudingeka yenziwe. Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, kuningi okusamele kwenziwe. ”
Ngonyaka odlule, i-USDA ixhase iphrojekthi yeminyaka emine yokucwaninga impilo yenhlabathi yamazambane.
"Uhlelo lwami locwaningo lubandakanyeka kumaphrojekthi amaningi ahlola ukuthi izindlela zokuphathwa kwezitshalo zingayithinta kanjani impilo yamazambane," kusho uKen Frost, udokotela wezifo zezitshalo IHermiston Agriculture Research and Extension Centre, ingxenye ye-Oregon State University. "Iphrojekthi enkulu kunazo zonke enginayo njengamanje kule ndawo ixhaswe yi-USDA Specialty Crop Research Initiative."
U-2019 kube unyaka wokuqala lapho izilimo zalinyelwa le phrojekthi.
"Ngicabanga ukuthi amazambane angumngcele omusha," kusho uFrost. “Luhlelo oluphazamiseke kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlelo zokutshala zifuna ukunciphisa ukulima. Lokho yinto esingeke sikwazi ukuyenza ezinhlelweni zokutshala amazambane. Kufanele sicabange ngayo ngendlela ehlukile kunaleyo okucatshangwa ngayo kwezinye izinhlelo. ”
UFrost ungomunye wabacwaningi abangaba ngu-20 abasebenza kulo msebenzi. Abaphenyi babheka ukuthi ukuzungeza ukutshala kuthinta futhi kuthinte kanjani i-microbium yenhlabathi. UFrost wenza ukushintshaniswa kweminyaka emibili namazambane nokolweni kanye nokushintshaniswa kweminyaka emithathu namazambane, ummbila nokolweni.
"Ngakunye kwalokhu kuphendukezelwa kufakwa isinaphi sokuwa njengesithako se-bio fumigant kanye nokusetshenziswa komquba wobisi onomquba," Kusho uFrost. “Ngingudokotela wezifo zezitshalo ngokuqeqeshwa, umsebenzi wami omningi ugxila ekutheni izindlela zokuphatha ezehlukene zithinta kanjani amagciwane amazambane, isifo esilandelwayo esibangelwa yilawo magciwane, kanye nesivuno kanye nokulahleka kwekhwalithi okuvela kulezo zifo.
Ekuzameni ukuhlola uhlelo lokutshala amazambane ngendlela ephelele, besilokhu silinganisa izimpendulo zawo wonke umphakathi wenhlabathi (okusho wonke amabhaktheriya nesikhunta esikhona) emikhubeni yokuphathwa kwezitshalo ukufunda ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini amagciwane athile noma amaqembu amagciwane azuzisa ngokukhethekile noma ayingozi empilweni yezitshalo zamazambane. Sicabanga ukuthi ukuphenya isakhiwo somphakathi wezinambuzane ezincane zomhlaba ukuphendula amasu ahlukene okuphathwa kwezitshalo, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, kungagcina kusize abalimi ukuphatha imiphakathi yabo engamagciwane ngezindlela ezizothuthukisa impilo yezitshalo nokukhiqiza, futhi kunciphise nemithelela ngenxa yezifo. ”
"Kuningi okwenzekayo kulelo bhokisi elimnyama kunalokho ebesikucabanga," kusho uHill. “Eminye imikhakha ikhiqiza isivuno esingcono kuneminye. Akuchazeki ngokuhlolwa okuvamile kwenhlabathi. Kukhona okunye okwenzekayo. Asikwazi ukukhomba abasolwa abajwayelekile ngalokho. Kunezinto eziningi ezenzekayo maqondana nempilo engatheni yomhlabathi. ”