ISpain: Azikho izinhlobo ezingu-336 zamazambane ezimelana ngokuphelele ne-Fusarium Dry Rot, kanti ezingu-57% zibonakalise ukuthi ziyathinteka kakhulu.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-NEIKER kwezinkathi ezimbili kwezinhlobo zamazambane ezingu-336 akutholanga ukumelana okugcwele nokubola okomile kwe-Fusarium, kanti ukujula kwesilonda okumaphakathi kusuka cishe ku-3 mm kuya ngaphezu kuka-38 mm.
Ukuhlolwa kwezinkathi ezimbili kwezinhlobo zamazambane ezingu-336 eSpain akutholanga ukuthi zimelana ngokuphelele nokubola okomile kwe-Fusarium, kanti u-57% wafika esigabeni esisengozini enkulu. Ucwaningo olwenziwe abacwaningi e-NEIKER, olushicilelwe ku- Agronomy, futhi kukhombisa ukuthi igebe phakathi kwezinhlobo zezitshalo lingaba likhulu kangakanani: ukujula kwezilonda okumaphakathi kwaqala cishe ku-3 mm kuya ngaphezu kuka-38 mm. Njengoba izitolo sezigcwele, kuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi ukukhetha izinhlobo kuyasiza kodwa akuxazululi inkinga.
Lokho abacwaningi abakwenzile
Ithimba lika-C. Iribar, u-L. Barandalla, u-A. Ortiz-Barredo, uM. de la O. Leyva-Pérez kanye no-JI Ruiz de Galarreta bahlole izinhlobo ezingu-295 zezentengiselwano kanye nama-clone okuzala angu-41. Bahlukanise isikhunta ezigabeni ezithelelekile, baqinisekisa ukuthi singobani ngokuhlaziywa kwama-molecule futhi basebenzisana ne- I-Fusarium sambucinum, okuyinto ucwaningo oluyiveza njengezinhlobo ezinolaka kakhulu eYurophu.
Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, izimila zazigcinwa ebumnyameni ku-4 °C okungenani izinyanga ezintathu. Ngemva kokugonywa zazigcinwa ku-15-20 °C ebumnyameni amasonto amahlanu, futhi abacwaningi babe sebelinganisa ukuthi ukubola sekungene kude kangakanani. Iphrojekthi ye-PataFEST, eyingxenye ye-Horizon Europe, yamemezela lo msebenzi ngomhlaka-23 Okthoba, kanti iphephandaba le-Europatat lawubhala ohlelweni lwayo lukaSepthemba-Okthoba, njengoba kubikwe yi-Potato News Today ngomhlaka-2 Novemba.
Izinsuku zeviki. Zikhiphe ohlwini ngokuchofoza okukodwa.
Indlela izinhlobo ezihlungwa ngayo
Izinhlobo ze-genotype zahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ngokungena okuphakathi:
- abuthakathaka kakhulu noma angenamandla, afinyelela ku-12.15 mm: izinhlobo zofuzo ezingu-90 (26.78%);
- ezisengozini, 12.15–15.00 mm: izinhlobo zofuzo ezingu-54 (16.07%);
- ezisengozini enkulu, 15.00 mm noma ngaphezulu: izinhlobo zezakhi zofuzo ezingu-192 (57.15%).
Phezulu kwetafula lokungena kwakukhona i-Abalone (38.12 mm), i-Gala (37.12 mm), i-Passion (35.50 mm) kanye ne-O'Sirene (34.08 mm). Amanani aphansi kakhulu aqoshwa ku-Zunta (3.00 mm), i-Iker (3.62 mm), i-Etoile du Leon (4.08 mm), i-Igor (4.16 mm) kanye ne-NK21-003 (4.50 mm). Abalobi bachaza lo msebenzi njengolunye lokuhlolwa okuphelele kakhulu kokumelana nokubola okomile ku-germplasm yamazambane kuze kube manje.
Imikhawulo yomphumela
Lezi zilinganiso akufanele zifundwe njengesiqinisekiso sensimu noma sesitolo. Ukugonywa kwalawulwa futhi kungase kungabonakali ngokugcwele izimo zensimu noma zokugcina, futhi kwasetshenziswa i-fungus isolate eyodwa kuphela. Ababhali batusa umsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo ne-isolates eziningana kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezimo, futhi basikisela ukuhlanganisa lokhu kuhlolwa namathuluzi e-genomic ukuze kusheshiswe ukuzala. Umphumela awusho lutho ngendlela uhlobo oluziphatha ngayo uma lubhekene nezinye izifo zokugcina, noma mayelana nesivuno salo kanye nokufaneleka kwalo emakethe.
Kungani kubalulekile esitolo manje
Ukubola okomile kungena ezigaxeni ngamanxeba avela ekuvunweni nasekuphathweni, kanti ezinye izinhlobo ze-Fusarium zikhiqiza ama-mycotoxin, okuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kokudla. I-PataFEST iphinde yakhipha incwajana ethi, “Tiny Pests, Big Losses: Post-Harvest Threats”, kumachashazi amnyama, i-silver scurf kanye ne-dry rot.
Ngaphambili Potatoes.News ukumbozwa kuchaziwe ukulahlekelwa okungu-6–25% kwamazambane agciniwe kubikwe yizinsizakalo zokwandisa, kanye Izinsuku ezingu-14–21 zokuphulukiswa kwenxeba kwakudingeka ukuvimba lokhu kubola.
Lokhu kusho ukuthini ngamapulazi
- Ungaphathi uhlobo oluthile njengoluvikelayo. Ngisho nabenzi bomsebenzi abaphambili kulesi sikrini abazange bamelane ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke ukuhlanzeka kwesitolo kanye nokuphathwa kwaso kusanquma umphumela.
- Buka izindawo ezonakele kuqala. Njengomkhuba ojwayelekile, gcina izindawo ezithintekile ngamanxeba zihlolisiswe kahle bese uhlela ukuzithengisa kusenesikhathi. Vumelana nesazi sakho sezolimo.
- Sebenzisa idatha yokuhlela izinhlobo ezahlukene zika-2027. Lapho kuvela khona uhlobo oluthile esifundweni, ikilasi lalo lingaba yinto eyodwa efakiwe kanye namarekhodi akho okugcina, hhayi indawo yawo.
Imithombo: Iribar et al., Agronomy 16(13), 1295; I-PataFEST, 23 Okthoba 2026; Izindaba Zamazambane Namuhla, 2 Novemba 2026.
