Izinzuzo zokwengeza isulfure ohlelweni lokudla okunempilo kwentwasahlobo akufanele zikhohlwe njengoba abalimi befuna ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-nitrogen ekufakweni kwezicelo ezinyangeni ezizayo.
Abalimi kungenzeka ukuthi baqakathekisa ukutholakala kwenitrogen eqondileyo lapho amanani entengo eqala ukwenyuka, kodwa lisekhona ithuba lokufaka isulfure ohlelweni lomanyolo ukuze kwenezele umsoco obalulekile ezitshalweni zalo nyaka. “Isibabule siyisakhamzimba esibalulekile esiyisihluthulelo sokwakheka kwamaprotheni futhi sinethonya eliqondile ekuthuthukiseni izinga lezitshalo,” kusho uTom Oates, isazi sezokudla okunomsoco kwa-Origin Fertilisers.
“Izitshalo ezinokufakwa kwe-nitrogen ephezulu zivamise ukuba nezidingo ezengeziwe zesibabule njengoba isulfure isiza izitshalo ukuthi zisebenzise i-nitrogen ngempumelelo. Emasimini amaningi notshani, abalimi kufanele babheke ukufaka u-12kg we-N kuya ku-1kg ka-S ukuze bakhulise ukumuncwa kwe-nitrogen kanye nokusebenza kwezilimo, kanye no-6kg we-N kuya ku-1kg we-S we-OSR nezinye i-brassicas."
Kulabo abangakathengi izinsiza ezanele zesibabule ukusekela ukukhula kwezitshalo, i-Polysulphate ingaba umthombo oguquguqukayo nobalulekile njengoba ingenayo i-nitrogen eyengeziwe. Ngokuhlaziya 48%SO3, 14% K20, 17%CaO, 6%MgO, inganikeza izitshalo nesidingo sazo sesibabule. Njengoba isibabule ku-Polysulphate sinephethini yokukhulula isikhathi eside, abalimi bangafaka umkhiqizo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphandle kwesidingo 'sokugcwalisa' ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwesizini, njengoba uMnu Oates echaza.
Ikhishwe ezinsukwini ezi-5
“Isulphur ekwi-straight ammonium sulphate ikhishwa ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngakho-ke isengozini yokucwiliswa uma kunemvula enkulu ngemva kokufakwa, ikakhulukazi emhlabathini oyisihlabathi. Nakuba isibabule ku-Polysulphate sikhishwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-55 ngakho-ke kunengozi ephansi yokuvuza, futhi isibabule esiningi kungenzeka sithathwe yisitshalo.
Khulisa | Imfuneko yesibabule |
okusanhlamvu | 25-50kg SO3/Ha |
I-OSR | 50-75kg SO3/Ha |
Imifino kanye ne-sugar beet | 25kg SO3/Ha |
Isilage | 40kg SO3/ha ngaphambi kwakho konke ukusika |
"Ukufakwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwe-100kg/ha ye-Polysulphate kuzonikeza cishe u-48kg wesulfure (njenge-SO3) esitshalweni esikhulayo phakathi nenkathi yonyaka, eyanele izitshalo eziningi zokusanhlamvu ngokusho kwe-RB209. Isilinganiso sokufakwa kwesibabule kuvame ukuba phezulu kwezincomo ze-RB209 noma ngaphezulu, futhi abalimi bazobona izinzuzo zokusebenzisa isibabule esengeziwe esitshalweni.
“Iphinde inikeze i-potassium encane etholakala kalula ewusizo uma abalimi benciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwabo okujwayelekile kwekwindla. Ingcosana ye-calcium ne-magnesium ifakiwe kuPolysulphate,” kuphetha yena. I-Polysulphate imbiwa e-UK futhi iqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa kwemvelo futhi ilungele izitshalo ezizwela i-chloride.
Bambalwa abantu abangathola isizathu sokugxeka imizamo yokuthuthukisa izinga lomoya. Kepha ngokwezinga elithile, abalimi banokubambezeleka okusemthethweni: umoya ohlanzekile udale ukuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco Amasimu ezitshalo aseMelika. Isibabule, ngokuqondile. Iminyaka eminingi, intuthu evela ezimbonini zikagesi yayihamba nesibabule esiningi kangangokuthi izitshalo azizange zibonise ukuntula. Ngokufana nokunye okubalulekile ekukhiqizeni izitshalo - ukukhanya kwelanga - asikaze sicabange ukukwengeza ngoba bekuhlale kwanele. Isibabule saba i-macronutrient 'engabonakali'.
Manje njengoba sesibona imiphumela yokushiswa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi - imvula ene-asidi, izinhlayiya, isikhutha eseqile - sekulungile ukuhlanza nokunciphisa ukungcola; akekho ofuna ukwesula uMthetho Womoya Ohlanzekile. Kodwa njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka, umthetho wemiphumela ebingahlosiwe uye wazikhandla ngokwawo: inhlabathi yethu ayisatholi 'inzuzo yesibabule' yonyaka. Idatha ye-EPA ikhombisa ukuthi ukukhishwa kwesibabule kwehle ngamaphesenti angama-94 phakathi kuka-1990 no-2019. Njengoba izitshalo ezilandelanayo zisutha, amasimu amaningi manje aphelelwa isibabule.
Kungani isulfure ibaluleke kangaka?
'Yi-macronutrient yesine'. Noma ngabe siyini isitshalo, indima yesibabule ku-biochemistry yezitshalo ngeke ishaywe indiva. Ngokubaluleka okufanayo kwe-nitrogen noma i-phosphorus, isekela imisebenzi yezitshalo engathinta isivuno, ikhwalithi kanye nokumaketheka.
Amazambane adinga amazinga anele esulfure ukuze athathe initrogen, ukukhiqizwa kwe-chlorophyll, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-tuber, ukucindezeleka nokumelana nezinambuzane, ukukhiqizwa kwama-carbohydrate, ukwakheka kwe-amino acid kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamavithamini. Ukuncipha kokusebenza kahle kunoma iyiphi indawo kuba yisici esikhawulelayo ekuvuneni kwezitshalo namandla, kuyilapho kudlala indima ebalulekile endleleni izitshalo ezinambitheka ngayo futhi zinuke ngayo, nokuthi zisebenza kanjani ekusetshenzisweni okulandelayo. Isibonelo, i-gluten ebaluleke kakhulu kakolweni - ukunikeza isinkwa ukuhlafunwa kwaso, ukuthungwa okuthambile - kuncike kuzibopho zesulfure-sulphur. Ukolweni wokwenza isinkwa omuhle udinga isibabule esihle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzo zonke izitshalo, ukushoda kwesibabule akuvamile ukuba nezimpawu ezibonakalayo. Ukuntula okucashile kuvame ukulimaza kakhulu kunokushoda okukhulu, njengoba kuvame ukutholwa lapho sekwephuzile kakhulu ukukulungisa. Isibabule sinenye indima, njengesibulala magciwane. Ngempela, ama-fungicides asekelwe ku-sulphur ayephakathi kokuqala okutholakala kubalimi futhi asabalulekile nanamuhla, noma ngabe asetshenziswa ekusikeni imbewu noma njengesengezo ngokuhambisana nekhemistri yesimanje yokulawula ukubola.
Siyini isixazululo?
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izitshalo zimunca kanjani isulfure. Okuthandwa kakhulu yi-sulfate: lena yiyona ndlela kuphela izimpande zezitshalo ezingafinyelela kuzo izakhi. Kunendima elinganiselwe yamaqabunga: akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi angakwazi ukumunca amanani amancane e-sulphur dioxide ngokuqondile emkhathini, futhi asize ukulawula ukumuncwa kwezakhi ngenkathi elwa nezifo.
Uma isetshenziswa njengesifutho sefoliar, imisoco ingena kancane kancane esicutshini sesitshalo njengoba kudingekile. Kodwa uma ekhona phezu kweqabunga, amandla okucindezela isifo esibabule asebenza ngokubambisana nokufakwa kamuva kwesibulala-sikhunta nesibulala-zinambuzane. Ngakho isitshalo esinempilo singazinqanda izifo ngokwaso, sibeke ubunzima obuncane emithini yesimanje yokubulala isikhunta ngaphakathi kohlelo futhi sinciphise ubungozi bokumelana nesikhutha. Akukona nje ukuqondana ukuthi ukwanda kwezifo ezinjengokulimaza lapho izitshalo zamazambane zikhombisa ukuntula isibabule ngokusesilinganisweni. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokukhula, izidingo zesibabule zesitshalo ngokuvamile zingedlula kakhulu umthamo wenhlabathi wemvelo wokuwuhlinzeka - ikakhulukazi njengoba amazinga manje ehla.