Amathuluzi nokuqeqeshwa kokwandisa ukufinyelela kwabalimi embewini esezingeni eliphezulu

Ubhatata uyisitshalo esikhiqiza kakhulu futhi izinhlobo ezinombala ophuzi ziwumthombo omuhle kakhulu wevithamini A, okwenza kube inketho ebalulekile ezifundeni ezisengozini yokuntuleka kokudla kanye nokungondleki kahle. Kodwa-ke, amagciwane asatshalaliswa yizimpukane ezimhlophe kanye nezihlahla zomvini abalimi abazisebenzisa njengezinto zokutshala angaqoqana ezitshalweni futhi anciphise isivuno sezinhlobo eziningi ezinombala ophuzi phakathi nezinkathi ezimbalwa zokukhula. Lokhu kuyinkinga ikakhulukazi eMpumalanga Afrika, lapho amagciwane evame khona.

The Isevisi Yokuhlola Impilo Yezitshalo yaseKenya (I-KEPHIS) ngenxa yalokho ikhulisa izitshalo zamazambane angenagciwane ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo futhi ithengisa imivini yayo njengembewu eyisisekelo kubakhiqizi bembewu yezentengiselwano kanye nezinhlangano zokukhiqiza imbewu ukuze iphindaphindwe futhi ithengiswe kubalimi. Abalimi abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile abaziwa ngokuthi abaphindaphindi bemivini abahlukaniswe ngokwezigaba badlala indima ebalulekile ekusabalalisweni ngokukhulisa izinto ezingenagciwane ezivela ku-KEPHIS ukuze kukhiqizwe izingcezu zemivini ezithengiswa kwabanye abalimi ezindaweni zabo. Izinto zokutshala ezinempilo zingaholela ekuvuneni okuhle, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemali engenayo kanye nokudla okunempilo okulandelayo, ngakho ukwakha izinhlelo zembewu eziqhubekayo ukuze zilethwe kubalimi kuyinto eza kuqala ezinhlanganweni eziningi zikahulumeni kanye nezingezona ezikahulumeni.

Ngokusho kukaFlorence Munguti, ophethe isiteshi se-KEPHIS eMuguga lapho kukhiqizwa khona umvini wamazambane angenagciwane, bathengisa cishe izingcezu ezingu-70,000 zemivini yezinhlobo zamazambane angenagciwane ezingu-11 isizini ngayinye yokutshala. Imali engenayo iya esikhwameni esijikelezayo ukuze ikhokhele izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphindaphindayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi banemivini eminingi yokuyithengisa isizini ngayinye yokutshala. Ngisho nokwehla kwesidingo ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, ukukhiqizwa "kwembewu yesizukulwane sokuqala," njengoba izinto zokuqala ezingenagciwane zaziwa, kuyibhizinisi elihle. Eqinisweni, i-KEPHIS itshale ingxenye yesikhwama sayo esijikelezayo ekwakheni i-greenhouse eyengeziwe ukuze kwandiswe umkhiqizo.

UMunguti kanye nozakwabo baphendule ukukhiqizwa kwembewu kabhatata yesizukulwane sokuqala se-KEPHIS kwaba yibhizinisi eliphumelelayo ngokwezimali ngokusebenzisa "ithuluzi lokuhlaziya ibhizinisi lembewu elizinzile lesizukulwane sokuqala”(SEGSBAT) eyasungulwa nguSrinivasulu Rajendran, isazi sezomnotho sezolimo kanye ne- Isikhungo Samazambane Samazwe Ngamazwe (CIP).

“Ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yesizukulwane sokuqala kuphethwe uhulumeni e-Afrika. Sasifuna ukudala imodeli yebhizinisi esimeme ukuze kwandiswe ukutholakala,” kusho uRajendran.

“The SEGSBAT tool and CIP technical support helped us calculate the real time and marginal costs of sweetpotato vines,” explains Munguti. “We were able set prices for NGOs, other organizations and vine multipliers in the initial years. The SEGSBAT tool also was useful in projecting sales for planning purposes.”

URajendran uhlole i-SEGSBAT nezikhungo zikahulumeni emazweni ayi-11 ase-Afrika - okokuqala ngobhatata kanye nokukhiqizwa kwembewu yomdumbula - futhi usize abaningi ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zebhizinisi nokusetha ukukhiqizwa. Ubhatata kanye nomdumbula kokubili kusengozini yezifo ezisakazeka ngezinto zokutshala, njengoba kunjalo nangazo zonke izitshalo zezimpande, i-tuber kanye nebhanana (RT&B), ngoba abalimi batshala imbewu yezitshalo - imivini, iziqu, ama-tuber, ama-suckers noma izimpande - esikhundleni sembewu yezitshalo. Ukusiza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza nokusabalalisa imbewu yezitshalo engenazo izifo nezinambuzane yezinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe kumakhulu ezigidi zabalimi abancane abathembele kuzo kungakhuphula kakhulu isivuno, imali engenayo kanye nokuphepha kokudla nokondleka emazweni asathuthuka, futhi ngenxa yalokho kuyinto eza kuqala ezinhlanganweni zocwaningo nentuthuko yezolimo.

Ibhokisi lamathuluzi lezinhlelo zembewu

I-SEGSBAT ingenye yamathuluzi ayi-11 okusebenza ngezinhlelo zezimpande, i-tuber kanye nembewu kabhanana ethuthukiswe yithimba elihlanganisa imikhakha eminingi lososayensi nochwepheshe abangaphezu kuka-50 abavela ku- Uhlelo Locwaningo lwe-CGIAR ngezimpande, izimila kanye nobhanana (RTB) kanye nezinhlangano ezinhlanu zomhlaba wonke zocwaningo lwezolimo. Inhloso yabo ukusiza abacwaningi, ochwepheshe kanye nabenzi benqubomgomo ukuthi bahlole noma bathuthukise izinhlelo zembewu kabhanana, umdumbula, amazambane, ubhatata, kanye ne-yam.

Amathuluzi asukela ohlakeni olunabahlanganyeli abaningi oluvumela abasebenzisi ukuthola umbono osheshayo wesistimu ethile yembewu, kuya ku-Seed Tracker, ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana obuxhumanisa abakhiqizi bembewu nabathengi ngedijithali. Ayatholakala emphakathini ku- Iwebhusayithi ye-RTB Seed Systems Toolbox, okuhlanganisa iziqondiso zabasebenzisi, amaphepha esayensi abuyekezwe ontanga kanye nezibonelo zokusetshenziswa kwazo ngempumelelo.

Nakuba amathuluzi eseqinisekiswe nabalingani e-Afrika, e-Asia naseLatin America futhi ethulwa emphakathini ngomcimbi obonakalayo e- Mashi ka-2021, zidinga ukusatshalaliswa kabanzi futhi abacwaningi abaningi kanye nochwepheshe kudingeka bazisebenzise ku-RT&B nakwezinye izitshalo, badwebe izifundo, futhi bafundise abanye ukuthi bangazisebenzisa kanjani. Ngakho-ke umphakathi wezinhlelo zembewu ze-RTB wahlela i-webinar yokuthi ungawasebenzisa kanjani amathuluzi ku Julayi kaJulayi 2021, base becela iziphakamiso ezivela emaqenjini alinganiselayo ngokobulili angochwepheshe, ochwepheshe abasebasha kanye nabenzi bezinqubomgomo zokusebenzisa ithuluzi esimweni sembewu ezweni labo - ngesiqondiso esivela kunjiniyela wethuluzi - kanye nokubika okutholakele kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo.

“Our aim was to use an on-the-job-training formula for tailor-made, hands-on training of groups of researchers/practitioners,” explains CIP scientist Jorge Andrade-Piedra, one of the leaders of the RTB seed systems community of practice.

Iziphakamiso ezivela emaqenjini aseTanzania, e-Ethiopia nase-Uganda zamukelwa ngo-Agasti futhi imiphumela yokusebenzisa kwabo amathuluzi ezinhlelweni zembewu kulawo mazwe izokwethulwa ku-a i-workshop yezinsuku ezintathu eyenzeka online ngo-Okthoba 25, 27 kanye no-28, 2021.

“Lezi zingxoxo azigcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngamathuba kubantu abafunda noma abasebenza ngezitshalo ze-RTB kanye nezinhlelo zembewu ukuze bafunde kabanzi ngamathuluzi kanye namandla azo, ziphawula ukuqala kwenqubo yokuwathuthukisa nokuwayisa ezingeni emazweni lapho izigidi zabalimi abancane zithembele ezitshalweni ze-RT&B kodwa zihlushwa imiphumela yesivuno esiphansi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwembewu yekhwalithi yezinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe,” kusho u-Andrade-Piedra.

Bhalisela i-workshop: Ukwakha ikusasa lembewu elingcono, ndawonye