#Agriculture#FoodSecurity#Unemployment#COVID-19#PolicyInterventions#JobCreation#SupplyChainDisruptions.
Naphezu kwentuthuko ephawulekayo eyenziwe ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, indlala yomhlaba wonke iseyinkinga ephawulekayo. I-Delivery Rank ihlanganise amaqiniso akamuva kanye nezibalo ngendlala yomhlaba wonke ngo-2023 ukuze kugqanyiswe ukujula kwale nkinga yobuntu. Lesi sihloko sidingida izici ezinkulu ezibangela indlala emhlabeni, umthelela wendlala ezinganeni, indima ye-Covid-19, kanye nezixazululo ezingasetshenziswa kuwo womabili amazinga omuntu siqu nawesikhungo ukuze kudambiswe le nkinga.
Ngokusho kweNhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene (i-FAO), abantu abayizigidi ezingama-690 emhlabeni wonke bahlaselwe yindlala ngo-2019, okuwukwanda kwezigidi eziyi-10 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. I-Sub-Saharan Africa kanye ne-Asia yizifunda ezihlaselwe kakhulu yindlala, njengoba abantu abayizigidi ezingama-250 kanye nezigidi ezingama-418 babulawa yindlala, ngokulandelana.
Indlala inomthelela omubi ezinganeni, njengoba izingane ezingu-149 million ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu zinenkinga yokungakhuli kahle ngenxa yokungondleki. Ngo-2020, izingane ezilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-375 zaphuthelwa ukudla kwesikole ngenxa yokuvalwa kwezikole okubangelwa i-Covid-19. Lokhu kuye kwabangela ukwanda kwendlala nokungondleki kwezingane ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba.
Ubhubhane lwe-Covid-19 selubhebhethekise kakhulu inkinga yendlala, njengoba izilinganiso ziphakamisa ukuthi abantu abengeziwe abayizigidi eziyi-130 bangafakwa ebuphofini obukhulu kanye nendlala ngenxa yomthelela wezomnotho walolu bhubhane. Ukuvalwa kwezindawo kanye nemikhawulo yokunyakaza kuphinde kwaphazamisa amaketanga okulethwa kokudla kanye nokutholakala kokudla, okwenza le nkinga ibe nzima.
Ngokombiko wakamuva we-Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-700 emhlabeni wonke balambile. Lesi sibalo senyukile kusukela umqedazwe we-COVID-19, osekhulise ukungalingani okukhona futhi wafaka abantu abaningi ebuphofini. Ngaphezu kwendlala, ukungondleki kuyinkinga ebalulekile, njengoba abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili emhlabeni wonke banenkinga ethile yokungondleki.
Ngokombiko wakamuva weZizwe Ezihlangene, indlala isongela abantu abayizigidi ezingu-34 emazweni angu-20. ENingizimu Sudan, eYemen, eDemocratic Republic of the Congo, eSomalia, e-Afghanistan, eVenezuela, eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeNigeria, naseBurkina Faso, izingxabano, izici zemvelo, nobunzima bezomnotho kubangela noma kwandisa ukuntuleka kokudla. Nokho, uma kuqhathaniswa namakhulu eminyaka adlule, ukubakhona kwendlala kwehle kakhulu, ngenxa yemizamo engcono yokuvimbela kanye nezinhlelo zokusiza ukudla.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ekuvimbeleni indlala izinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusengaphambili ezivumela izimpendulo ezisheshayo. Isibonelo, ngo-2017, i-Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) yahlonza ingozi yendlala e-South Sudan futhi yaqala ukusabela kobuntu okwasindisa izimpilo eziningi. Ukwengeza, izinhlelo zosizo lokudla sezisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo ekuletheni usizo kulabo abaludingayo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-World Food Programme, ihambisa ukudla kubantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-97 emazweni angu-88 minyaka yonke.
Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, likhona ithemba. IKomidi Losizo Lwentuthuko (i-DAC) belisebenzela ukulwa nendlala emhlabeni wonke ngokuxhumanisa imizamo nokwandisa usizo. I-DAC, okuyiqembu lamazwe angama-24, ibihlaziya idatha futhi ihlonza amathrendi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi impendulo yabo yosizo iyasebenza. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amazwe e-DAC anyuse ukusetshenziswa kwawo kosizo lokudla kusuka ku-$3.28 billion kuya ngaphezu kuka-$4.5 billion.
Nakuba le mizamo ituseka, kusekuningi okudingeka kwenziwe ukuze kubhekwane nenkinga yendlala emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubhekana nezimbangela zendlala, njengezingxabano, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, nobumpofu, kanye nokwesekwa okwandayo kwezinhlelo zokudla zendawo kanye nezolimo ezisimeme. Ohulumeni, abalimi, izazi zezolimo namahlathi, onjiniyela bezolimo nososayensi kumelwe basebenzisane ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi wonke umuntu uthola ukudla okunempilo nokunomsoco.
I-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) ikhiphe umbiko wayo wakamuva mayelana nokusetshenziswa kosizo lokudla amazwe abambe iqhaza eKomidini Losizo Lwentuthuko (DAC). Ngokombiko, iMelika ihamba phambili ohlwini lwabasebenzisa imali enkulu ekulekeleleni ukudla, ilandelwa yiGermany, Turkey ne-United Kingdom. Nakuba amanye amazwe enza iminikelo ebalulekile, le nkinga iyaqhubeka iba yimbi.
Enye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zenkinga yendlala emhlabeni wonke ubumpofu. Abantu abadla imbuya ngothi bavame ukubhekana nokuntula ukudla okunzima, ukuntula amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile, nokuntuleka kosizo olungabasiza ukuba banqobe indlala. Lolu daba alugcini nje ezizweni ezingathuthukile kodwa lungathinta nabantu basemazweni athuthukile.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungenye into ebalulekile enomthelela enkingeni yendlala emhlabeni wonke. Izimo zezulu ezishintshashintshayo nezinhlekelele zemvelo zinomthelela omubi ezitshalweni, okuholela ekuswelekeni kokudla kanye nokwenyuka kwamanani entengo. NgokweBhange Lomhlaba, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungacindezela abantu abengeziwe abayizigidi eziyi-132 endlaleni ngo-2030.
Ukungqubuzana nokufuduka nakho kuyimbangela enkulu yokungavikeleki kokudla. Izigidi zabantu zixoshwa emakhaya ngenxa yempi, ushushiso, noma izinhlekelele zemvelo, okuholela ekulahlekelweni yizinto zokuziphilisa nemithombo yokudla. Ukwengeza, izingxabano ziphazamisa ukutholakala kokudla futhi kuholele ekwenyukeni kwamanani okudla.
Ngokusho kweFood and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), balinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-690 abantu abalambile ngo-2019, kanti ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 selubhebhethekise le nkinga, luqhubekisela phambili abantu abayizigidi eziyi-132 endlaleni engapheli.
Ukungondleki akuthinti nje kuphela impilo engokomzimba kodwa futhi nokukhula kwengqondo nokuqonda, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. NgokweWorld Health Organisation (WHO), zilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-149 izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemi-5 zakhubazeka ngo-2020, okuyisimo esikhinyabeza ukukhula kwazo kanye nokukhula kwazo kwengqondo. Ukungondleki kwezingane nakho kwandisa ingozi yokugula, njengoba amasosha azo omzimba ebuthakathaka.
Imiphumela yendlala nokungondleki ayigcini nje ngempilo yomzimba kodwa inomthelela kwezenhlalo nezomnotho. Indlala ithinta ikhono labantu lokusebenza nokuziphilisa, iqhubekisela phambili umjikelezo wobumpofu. NgokweBhange Lomhlaba, ukungondleki kuyimbangela yokulahlekelwa okufika ku-3% we-GDP kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlala ingaholela ezinxushunxushwini nasezingxabanweni zomphakathi, ikakhulukazi emazweni lapho ukuntuleka kokudla kusakazeke kabanzi.
Isixazululo senkinga yendlala nobubha sidinga indlela ehlanganisa izinto eziningi. Ukwenza ngcono ukutholakala kokudla, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya, kubalulekile. Lokhu kungafezwa ngokukhula kokutshalwa kwezimali kwezolimo nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zasemakhaya, kanye nangezinhlelo zokuvikela umphakathi eziqondiswe emaqenjini asengozini kakhulu. Ukubhekana nembangela yobumpofu, njengokungalingani nokuntuleka kwemfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, namanzi ahlanzekile, nakho kubalulekile.
Isidingo Esiphuthumayo Sokubhekana Nokungavikeleki Kokudla Kubalimi Abasafufusa
Abalimi abasafufusa bayingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqizwa kokudla emhlabeni wonke, okubhekele ukukhiqiza amaphesenti angama-70 okudla komhlaba. Nokho, laba balimi, abelusi, nabadobi ngokuvamile basebenza bengenawo umhlaba kanye nezinsizakusebenza ezilinganiselwe futhi baphakathi kwabasengozini enkulu yokuntuleka kokudla, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola idatha yakamuva mayelana nezinselele abalimi abancane ababhekene nazo kanye nesidingo esiphuthumayo sokubhekana nokungavikeleki kokudla phakathi kwaleli qembu.
Ngokwenhlangano ye-Food and Agriculture Organisation ye-United Nations (FAO), balinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-690 abantu ababulawa indlala emhlabeni jikelele, kanti abalimi abancane yibona abathinteka kakhulu. Abalimi abasafufusa bavame ukuntula ubuchwepheshe besimanje kanye nezinsiza ezanele zokuvikela izitshalo zabo, imfuyo, nezindawo zokudoba ezinambuzaneni, izifo, nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukwengeza, abalimi abaningi abancane abanawo umhlaba owanele wokulima izilimo ezanele ukuze baziphilise bona nemindeni yabo noma bathole imali eyanele yokuthenga ukudla ngezikhathi zokutholakala okuncane.
Izinselelo abalimi abasafufusa ababhekene nazo zabhebhethekiswa ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19, oseluphazamise ukuhlinzekwa kokudla emhlabeni wonke nokuholele ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwemali engenayo kubalimi. Umbiko wakamuva weBhange Lomhlaba ulinganisela ukuthi lolu bhubhane seluqhubekisele phambili abantu abayizigidi ezingama-75-100 ebuphofini obudlulele, kanti abalimi abancane bephakathi kwabahlaselwe kakhulu.
Ukubhekana nokungavikeleki kokudla kubalimi abasafufusa, kubalulekile ukuthi kutshalwe imali ezinhlelweni ezikhulisa ukufinyelela kobuchwepheshe besimanje, ulwazi, kanye nezinsiza zezimali. Izinhlelo ezikhuthaza izinqubo zezolimo ezisimeme, ezifana nezolimo zokulondoloza, zingasiza ukwandisa isivuno futhi zivikele imvelo. Ukwengeza, ukunikeza ukufinyelela esikweletu kanye nomshwalense kungasiza abalimi abancane ukuphatha ubungozi futhi bakhulise imali yabo. Izinyathelo ezikhuthaza ukulingana ngokobulili nokuvikelwa komphakathi nazo zingasiza ukuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka kokudla phakathi kwabalimi abancane.
Abalimi abasafufusa bayingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqizwa kokudla emhlabeni wonke, futhi ukubhekana nokungavikeleki kokudla kuleli qembu kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale ukuvikeleka kokudla kubo bonke. Ukutshala imali ezinhlelweni ezikhulisa ukufinyelela kobuchwepheshe besimanje, ulwazi, kanye nezinsiza zezimali, ukukhuthaza izinqubo zezolimo ezisimeme, ukunikeza ukufinyelela kwezikweletu kanye nomshwalense, nokugqugquzela ukulingana ngokobulili nokuvikelwa komphakathi kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni inhlalakahle nokuphila kwabalimi abancane nemindeni yabo. .
Izimpi nezingxabano
Impi nezingxabano kunemiphumela elimazayo ekulondekeni kokudla, okushiya izigidi zabantu zibulawa indlala nobumpofu. Lapho kuqubuka izingxabano, abalimi bayaphoqeleka ukuba babaleke emasimini abo futhi bashiye izilimo zabo, okuholela ekuntulekeni kwempahla nemikhiqizo ebizayo. Ingqalasizinda efana nemigwaqo namathangi okunisela ayacekelwa phansi okwenza kube nzima ukuthola ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlala, ubumpofu, kanye nokungqubuzana kudala umjikelezo wokuzigcwalisa owenza isimo sibe sibi. Njengoba abantu sebelangazelela ukudla, maningi amathuba okuba bagebenga noma babulale, okungase kubangele izimpi zombango nezingxabano ezisabalele.
Ngokombiko wakamuva we-World Food Programme (WFP), amazwe amathathu akhungethwe yizimpi abe nesibalo esikhulu sabantu abasenkingeni yokudla ye-IPC Phase 3 noma okubi nakakhulu. Ngokuhlangene, iYemen, iDemocratic Republic of the Congo, kanye ne-Afghanistan babalele ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu bomhlaba enkingeni yokudla. I-IPC ilinganisa ubunzima bokungavikeleki kokudla esikalini sika-1-5, isigaba 5 siyizinga elinzima kakhulu lokungavikeleki kokudla. Ezingeni 3, ukungavikeleki kokudla kubhekwa 'njengenhlekelele.'
Umthelela wempi nokungqubuzana ekuvikelekeni kokudla ubalulekile futhi udinga isinyathelo esiphuthumayo esivela kohulumeni, izinhlangano ezisiza abantu, kanye nomphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe. Ezindaweni ezikhahlamezeke izingxabano, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lokudla oluphuthumayo kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwengqalasizinda efana nemigwaqo namathangi okunisela ukuze kusekelwe abalimi ekufinyeleleni ezindaweni zabo nasezimakethe. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukubhekana nezimbangela zokungqubuzana nobumpofu ukuze kuqedwe umjikelezo ononya wendlala nokungqubuzana.
Ukubhekana Nokushaqeka Kwesimo Sezulu: Amasu Abalimi Nochwepheshe Bezolimo
Izinhlekelele zemvelo nokushaqeka kwesimo sezulu kungacekela phansi amapulazi, kucekele phansi isivuno, futhi kushiye izigidi zabantu zilambile futhi zingenakho ukudla. Isomiso, izikhukhula, iziphepho, nokuzamazama komhlaba kungahlasela amapulazi kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba, okuholela ezinkingeni zendlala ngezinga elikhulu. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umthelela wokuzamazama kwesimo sezulu kwezolimo kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla, sixoxe ngamasu abalimi nochwepheshe bezolimo abangawasebenzisa ukuze babhekane nalezi zinselele, futhi sethule imininingwane yakamuva mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nezinhlekelele zemvelo.
Ngokombiko wakamuva we-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungase kwandise imvamisa nokuqina kwezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, njengesomiso, izikhukhula neziphepho ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Lokhu kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu kwezolimo, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni esezivele zisengcupheni yokushaqeka kwesimo sezulu. Isibonelo nje, ucwaningo olwenziwa yiWorld Bank lulinganisela ukuthi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kunganciphisa isivuno sezitshalo ngamaphesenti angama-30 kwezinye izingxenye ze-Afrika, okuholela ekuswelekeni kokudla kanye nentengo yokudla ephezulu.
Ukuze kubhekwane nalezi zinselelo, abalimi kanye nochwepheshe bezolimo kudingeka basebenzise amasu anhlobonhlobo azokwakha ukuqina futhi anciphise ubungozi bokuzamazama kwesimo sezulu. Lawa maqhinga angabandakanya:
Ukushintshanisa izitshalo nemfuyo: Abalimi banganciphisa ukuthembela kwabo esitjalweni esisodwa noma ohlotsheni lwemfuyo ngokuhlanganisa amapulazi abo. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukutshala izitshalo eziningi ezinezikhathi ezihlukene zokukhula, ukubekezelela isomiso, nokumelana nezinambuzane. Kungase futhi kubandakanye ukufuya izinhlobo eziningi zemfuyo enezidingo ezihlukene zokudla okunomsoco futhi ezisengozini enkulu yezehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu.
Ukusebenzisa izinqubo zezolimo ezihlakaniphile ngesimo sezulu: Izinqubo zezolimo ezihlakaniphile zesimo sezulu, ezifana nezolimo zokulondoloza, i-agroforestry, kanye nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane ezihlangene, kungasiza abalimi ukuthi bakhulise umkhiqizo futhi banciphise ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. Lezi zinqubo zingase futhi zithuthukise ukukhuthazela kwamapulazi ezinkingeni zesimo sezulu ngokwenza ngcono impilo yenhlabathi, ukuphathwa kwamanzi, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ukutshala izimali kwingqalasizinda kanye nezinhlelo zokuphepha komphakathi: Ohulumeni nezinhlaka zentuthuko bangakwazi ukusekela abalimi nemiphakathi yasemakhaya ngokutshala imali engqalasizinda, efana nemigwaqo, izinhlelo zokunisela, kanye namanethiwekhi okuqapha isimo sezulu. Bangakwazi futhi ukusungula amanetha okuphepha komphakathi, njengezinhlelo zokusiza ukudla kanye nomshwalense wezitshalo, ukuze basize abalimi nabantu abasengozini ukubhekana nomthelela wokushaqeka kwesimo sezulu.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nezinhlekelele zemvelo kubangela izinselele ezinkulu kubalimi, ochwepheshe bezolimo, kanye nemiphakathi yasemaphandleni emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokusebenzisa amasu akha amandla okumelana nezimo futhi anciphise ukuba sengozini yokushaqeka kwesimo sezulu, singasiza abalimi ukuthi babhekane nalezi zinselele futhi siqinisekise ukuthi wonke umuntu uthola ukudla okuphephile, okunomsoco, nokuthengekayo.
Umthelela Wokungalingani Komphakathi, Uhwebo Olungalungile, Ukubusa Okumpofu, Ukuntuleka Kwemisebenzi, Nokumoshwa Kokudla Endlaleni
Ukungalingani komphakathi kungenye yezinto ezinomthelela omkhulu endlala. I-1% yabantu abacebe kakhulu emhlabeni iphethe ingxenye yomcebo womhlaba, okushiya izigidigidi zabantu zimpofu zingakwazi ukuthola izinsiza. Abesifazane namantombazane nabo bahlukunyezwa ngokulinganayo yindlala, okwenza u-60% wabo bonke abantu abangenakho ukudla emhlabeni jikelele. Ukucwasa abantu bomdabu kuphinde kube nomthelela ekusatshalalisweni kokudla, kanti izingane zomdabu e-Guatemala zibhekene namazinga okuntula ngo-27% aphezulu kunezingane ezingezona ezomdabu.
Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke okungalungile nakho kunomthelela endlaleni, amazwe acebile enza izivumelwano zokuhwebelana ezizuzisa wona kuyilapho elimaza amazwe ampofu. Lokhu kubangela amanani okudla aphezulu emazweni asathuthuka kanye nokwabiwa kokudla ngendlela engafanele. Ukubusa okungekuhle nengqalasizinda nakho kukhinyabeza ukukhiqizwa nokusatshalaliswa kokudla, njengoba kunemigwaqo enganele, izinhlelo zokunisela, nezinhlelo zemfundo ezishiya izitshalo zinganiselwe nokudla kungasatshalaliswa. Ukudliwa komhlaba kuphinde kudle abalimi abancane, kubashiye bengenawo umthombo wemali engenayo noma ukudla.
Ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kungesinye isici esibalulekile endlaleni, njengoba ukulahlekelwa kwemisebenzi kuphonsa imindeni ebumpofu nasekuntulekeni kokudla. Ubhubhane lwakamuva lukhulise lolu daba, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwebhange lokudla kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-60 eMelika kuphela.
Okokugcina, ukumosha ukudla kuyinkinga enkulu encisha izigidi zabantu ukudla. Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yakho konke ukudla okukhiqizwayo kuyamoshwa, okungamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.3 okudla okumoshiwe minyaka yonke. Lokhu kumosha futhi kulimaza imvelo, kuqhubekisele phambili ubumpofu nendlala.
Imaphi Amazwe Abulawa Indlala? Ukuhlola Ukungavikeleki Kokudla e-Yemen, Afghanistan, naseHaiti
Ngokombiko ka-2020 Global Report on Food Crises, iYemen, iDemocratic Republic of the Congo, kanye ne-Afghanistan babe nenani elikhulu kakhulu labantu abasenkingeni yokudla noma okubi nakakhulu. E-Yemen, ukungqubuzana, ukuwa komnotho, nokuntuleka koxhaso kunomthelela enhlekeleleni enkulu yokusiza abantu. I-Afghanistan ibhekene nezingxabano, isomiso, kanye nenkinga yezomnotho, okuholela ekwehleni okukhulu kokuvikeleka kokudla. Ingqalasizinda empofu yaseHaiti, ukuwa komnotho, kanye nezigigaba zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu kuyenza ibe ngelinye lamazwe alambile kakhulu emhlabeni. Lezi zinkinga ziphinde zengezwe ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe ezintweni eziyisisekelo zabantu njengokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemfundo.
Ngeshwa, la mazwe amathathu ayizibonelo ezimbalwa zezizwe eziningi eziludinga kakhulu usizo. ICentral African Republic, iRepublic of Congo, iChad, iZambia, iLiberia, neSudan aphakathi kwamanye amazwe abhekene nokushoda kokudla. Ngezinselelo eziqhubekayo zokungqubuzana, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, nokuntengantenga komnotho, kubalulekile ukuthi umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe unikeze ukusekelwa okuphuthumayo nokuqhubekayo ukuze kubhekwane nokungavikeleki kokudla kulezi zizwe.
Imuphi Umthelela I-Covid-19 Yabanayo Endlala Yomhlaba?
Umqedazwe we-Covid-19 ube nomthelela omubi endlaleni emhlabeni wonke nasekuvikelekeni kokudla. Ngisho nangaphambi kwalolu bhubhane, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-690 emhlabeni wonke base behlushwa indlala engapheli. Kodwa-ke, ubhubhane lusebenze nje ukwenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu. NgokweZizwe Ezihlangene, inani labantu abangondlekile emhlabeni wonke landa ngenani elilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-161 ngo-2020.
Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu kwanda umthelela we-Covid-19 ekuhwebeni komhlaba. Njengoba amazwe amaningi evaleleka, imingcele yamazwe ngamazwe yavalwa, futhi ukuhweba kwehliswa kakhulu. Lokhu kuphazamise ukuthengwa kwezimpahla, okuholele entulekeni yokudla kanye nokwenyuka kwentengo yokudla. Inhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene (i-FAO) ibika ukuthi amanani okudla emhlabeni wonke anyuke ngo-25% ngo-2020 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019.
Ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwezohwebo, lolu bhubhane luphinde lwaholela ekwenyukeni kwezinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi, ikakhulukazi emazweni ampofu. Lokhu sekudale ukuthi izigidi zabantu zilahlekelwe umthombo wazo wemali engenayo, okwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ukukhokhela izidingo eziyisisekelo ezifana nokudla. IBhange Lomhlaba lilinganisela ukuthi lolu bhubhane luzocindezela abantu abengeziwe abayizigidi ezingama-88 kuye kweziyi-115 ebuphofini obudlulele ngo-2021.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo bhubhane ubuye waholela ekuphazamisekeni kwezinhlelo zosizo lokudla, obekubalulekile ekusizeni imiphakathi esengozini. Njengoba amazwe emhlabeni jikelele egxile ekubhekaneni nalolu bhubhane, asephambukise izinsiza kwezinye izinhlelo ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa nosizo lokudla. Lokhu sekudale ukuthi imiphakathi eminingi esengozini ishiywe ngaphandle kosizo.
Umqedazwe we-Covid-19 ube nomthelela omkhulu endlaleni emhlabeni wonke nasekuvikelekeni kokudla. Lo bhubhane uphazamise ukuhwebelana emhlabeni wonke, wenyusa amanani okudla, futhi waholela ekwenyukeni kwamazinga okuntuleka kwemisebenzi, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi abantu bakwazi ukukhokhela izidingo eziyisisekelo njengokudla. Lolu bhubhane seluholele nasekuphazamisekeni ezinhlelweni zosizo lokudla, okuqhubekisela phambili isimo. Ukuze kubhekwane nokwanda kokungavikeleki kokudla, ohulumeni nezinhlangano emhlabeni wonke kudingeka basebenzisane ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi wonke umuntu uthola ukudla okwanele, okuphephile, nokunomsoco.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwebhange Lokudla Okukhulayo: Ukukhathazeka Okukhulayo Kwezolimo Nomphakathi
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nokwanda okukhulu kwenani labantu abathembele emabhange okudla emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemisebenzi nobumpofu.
Ngokwemininingwane kahulumeni wase-UK, emasontweni okuqala okuvalwa ngo-2020, abantu abadala abayizigidi eziyisi-7.7 banciphisa usayizi wabo wesabelo noma beqa ukudla ngokuphelele, futhi abantu abadala abayizigidi ezi-3.7 bathola ukudla ezinhlanganweni ezisiza umphakathi noma emabhange okudla. Ukwenyuka okusheshayo kokusetshenziswa kwebhange lokudla e-UK kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, nokukhuphuka okukhulu ngasekupheleni kuka-2019 nango-2020.
Ukwanda kwesidingo samabhange okudla kunemithelela ebalulekile kwezolimo nasemphakathini. Ukuthembela emabhange okudla kungaholela ekungakwazini ukuthola ukudla okusha nokunomsoco, okungaba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside yezempilo kubantu ngabanye nasemindenini. Ukwengeza, ubunzima emabhange okudla kungafaka ingcindezi embonini yezolimo ukuthi ikhiqize ukudla okwengeziwe ukuhlangabezana nesidingo, okungaba nomthelela omubi kwezemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indaba yokusetshenziswa kwebhange lokudla ayitholakali e-UK kuphela. Umqedazwe we-COVID-19 ubangele ukwanda kokungavikeleki kokudla emhlabeni wonke, njengoba izingane ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-368 ziphuthelwa ukudla nokudla ngenxa yokuvalwa kwezikole. Kubalulekile ukuthi bonke ababambe iqhaza kwezolimo, okuhlanganisa abalimi, izazi zezolimo, onjiniyela bezolimo, nabanikazi bamapulazi, basebenzisane ukuze kubhekwane nalolu daba futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi wonke umuntu uthola ukudla okunempilo nokuqhubekayo.
Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kwebhange lokudla kuwukukhathazeka okukhulayo kwezolimo nomphakathi. Idatha yakamuva evela kuhulumeni wase-UK ikhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwebhange lokudla sekufinyelele emazingeni arekhodiwe eminyakeni yamuva nje, okunomthelela omkhulu empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yabantu nemindeni. Kubalulekile ukuthi bonke ababambiqhaza bahlangane ukuze kubhekwane nalolu daba futhi basebenzele uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile futhi olulinganayo.
Izinyathelo Ezilandelayo Zokuxazulula Indlala Yomhlaba Wonke: Ukufeza Inhloso Ye-UN Yentuthuko Esimeme Yendlala
Umgomo weNtuthuko eSimeme weNdlala, owaziwa ngokuthi umgomo 2: Indlala, ihlose ukuqeda zonke izinhlobo zendlala kanye nokungondleki ngo-2030. Ukufeza lokhu, lolu hlelo luveza izinhloso ezithile, ezihlanganisa ukuqeda indlala nokungondleki, ukunciphisa ukuntula nokumoshakala ezinganeni. , kanye nokugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kokudla okusimeme kanye nezinqubo zezolimo eziqinile.
Enye yezinhloso ezibalulekile zomgomo wesi-2 ukuhlinzeka wonke umuntu, ikakhulukazi izingane, ngokudla okwanele okuqhubekayo. Ngokwemininingwane yakamuva, isibalo sabantu abangondlekile emhlabeni besilokhu sikhula kancane kusukela ngo-2014, kanti abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-811 babulawa indlala engapheli ngo-2020. iminyaka yobudala, kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokudla okunempilo kwamantombazane asakhula, abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo, kanye nabantu abadala.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sokufeza umgomo wesi-2 ukukhuthaza ezolimo ezisimeme kanye nokweseka abakhiqizi bokudla abancane, okuhlanganisa abesifazane, abantu bomdabu, abalimi bemindeni, abelusi, nabadobi. Lokhu kubandakanya ukufinyelela okulinganayo ezinsizeni kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinqubo zezolimo eziqinile ezikhulisa umkhiqizo ngenkathi kugcinwa imvelo kanye nokuzivumelanisa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda yasemaphandleni, ucwaningo lwezolimo nokwandiswa, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, namabhange ezakhi zofuzo zezitshalo nemfuyo nakho kuyadingeka ukuze kwandiswe umkhiqizo emazweni asathuthuka. Ukwengeza, ukuqeda uxhaso kanye nezinyathelo zokuthekelisa kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izimakethe zempahla yokudla zisebenza kahle ngokufinyelela okwanele olwazini lwezimakethe kungakhawulela ukuntengantenga kwamanani okudla futhi kuvimbele imingcele yokuhweba ezimakethe zomhlaba zokulima.
Sengiphetha, ukufeza umgomo we-UN we-Sustainable Development for Hunger kudinga indlela exubile ebandakanya amakomiti ezikhungo kanye kazwelonke, kanye nokwenza komuntu ngamunye. Ngokugqugquzela ezolimo ezisimeme, ukweseka abakhiqizi bokudla abancane, kanye nokutshala izimali kwingqalasizinda yasemaphandleni kanye nocwaningo lwezolimo, singasebenzela ukuqeda zonke izinhlobo zendlala nokungondleki ngo-2030.
I-Zero Hunger Challenge: Ukuqeda Indlala Yomhlaba ngo-2030
I-Zero Hunger Challenge, eyasungulwa nguNobhala-Jikelele we-UN u-Ban Ki-moon ngowezi-2012, ihlose ukuqeda ukungondleki ngesikhathi kwakhiwe izinhlelo zokudla ezisimeme nezifinyelelekayo. Lesi sihloko sidingida izici ezinhlanu zenhloso yentuthuko esimeme yendlala kanye nokubaluleka komzamo ohlangene ukuze kuzuzwe umgomo wokunqanda indlala emhlabeni ngo-2030.
I-Zero Hunger Challenge iwubizo esenzweni sokuqeda indlala emhlabeni ngezinhlelo zokudla ezisimeme nezilinganayo. Inselele igcizelela ukubaluleka komzamo ohlangene kanye nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kuzuzwe umgomo wokungabi bikho kwendlala. Izingxenye ezinhlanu zenhloso yentuthuko esimeme yendlala zihlanganisa ukusimama kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokudla, ukuqeda ubumpofu ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ukunqanda ukulahleka kokudla kanye nokusaphazwa, ukutholakala kokudla okwanele kwawo wonke umuntu, unyaka wonke, kanye nokuqeda ukungondleki.
Ukusimama kulo lonke uhlelo lokudla kubhekise esidingweni sokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kokudla kuyasimama futhi kuyahambisana nemvelo. Ukuqeda ubumpofu ezindaweni zasemakhaya kubandakanya ukuphinda kabili umkhiqizo kanye nemali engenayo yabakhiqizi abancane, okuzoholela ekwandeni kokufinyelela kokudla. Ukumisa ukulahleka kokudla kanye nemfucuza kusho ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokudla ezivimbela ukudla ukuthi kumoshwe futhi kulahleke ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ukucubungula nokusabalalisa.
Ukuthola ukudla okwanele kwawo wonke umuntu, unyaka wonke, kubalulekile ekuqedeni indlala. Lesi sici sibandakanya ukuthuthukisa imigudu yokusabalalisa ukudla kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla kuyatholakala futhi kufinyeleleka kuwo wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhola malini noma indawo. Okokugcina, ukuqeda ukungondleki kudinga indlela exubile ehlanganisa ukuthuthukisa ukutholakala kokudla okunomsoco kanye nokukhuthaza imfundo ngemikhuba yokudla enempilo.
Ukufeza umgomo wokulamba kudinga umzamo ohlangene kanye nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. I-Zero Hunger Challenge inikeza inkundla yokuthi ohulumeni, izinhlangano, kanye nabantu ngabanye babelane ngamasu nolwazi ekwakheni izinhlelo zokudla ezizinzile nezilinganayo. Ngalolu hlelo, singaqeda ngempumelelo ubumpofu nendlala sibe sikhuthaza ukubambisana kwesifunda ukuze sifinyelele umgomo wokungabi bikho kwendlala ngo-2030.
I-Zero Hunger Challenge iwumgomo wokuvelela odinga umzamo weqoqo kanye nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kuzuzwe. Ngokuqalisa izinhlelo zokudla ezisimeme nezilinganayo, singaqeda ukungondleki kahle nendlala, futhi ekugcineni sifinyelele umgomo wokungabi bikho kwendlala ngo-2030.
Ikusasa Le-Zero Hunger: Singakwazi Ukufeza Izinjongo Zethu?
I-Zero Hunger Challenge kanye ne-Sustainable Development Goals ihlele ukuqeda indlala ngo-2030.
Ukuze kuzuzwe i-Zero Hunger Challenge kanye Nezinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme, uxhaso lwemali eyengeziwe engu-$11 billion unyaka ngamunye kuze kube u-2030. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwe-IISD lubonisa ukuthi lolu xhaso mancane amathuba okuba lubonakale, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa umthelela wezezimali we-Covid-19. Ukuze kufinyelelwe le migomo, amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine kufanele aqhamuke kubaxhasi, futhi amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4 kufanele avele emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi kanye nephansi ngokwawo.
Ngeshwa, ukuthambekela kwendlala emhlabeni wonke kubonisa ukuthi inkinga iyanda. Ngo-2030, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-840 kulindeleke ukuthi balambile, okuwukwanda okuphawulekayo kusuka kubantu abangondlekile abayizigidi ezingu-690 emhlabeni namuhla. Lesi sibalo siqhelelene nomgomo wokungabi bikho kwendlala ngo-2030.
Naphezu kwezinselelo, izinhloso ezibekwe yi-Zero Hunger Challenge kanye neziNhloso Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme zihlala zibalulekile ekulweni nendlala emhlabeni wonke. Imizamo yokubambisana, izixazululo ezintsha, kanye nokwenyuka kwezimali kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe lezi zinhloso.
Ukuqeda indlala emhlabeni ngo-2030 kuwumsebenzi onzima, futhi sibhekene nezinselele eziningi ezenza kubonakale kungenakwenzeka ukufeza. Kodwa-ke, kufanele sihlale sizibophezele ezinhlosweni ezibekwe yi-Zero Hunger Challenge kanye neziNhloso Zokuthuthukiswa Okuqhubekayo. Kudingeka sisebenzisane ukuze sithole izixazululo ezisimeme futhi sandise uxhaso lwezimali ukuze silwe nendlala emhlabeni wonke. Ngezenzo ezihlangene kuphela esingathemba ukuzuza umhlaba lapho kungekho muntu olambile.