Amasu Okunciphisa Ukulimala Kokushisa Nokuqinisekisa Impilo Yezitshalo
Ukwanda kwakamuva kwamazinga okushisa, okunokuphakama kwansuku zonke okusukela kuma-degree Celsius angama-29 kuya kwangu-35, kulethe ukucindezeleka okukhulu emasimini amazambane, njengoba kuphawulwe uchwepheshe wezolimo uKamil Aşkın. Izitshalo zamazambane zisengozini enkulu yokushisa okunjalo, okungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi zomzimba, okuhlanganisa ukulahlekelwa amanzi ngokuphefumula, ukunciphisa i-photosynthesis, kanye nomonakalo wezitshalo ekugcineni.
Ngesikhathi sokushisa okukhulu, amazinga e-photosynthesis ezitshalweni zamazambane angancipha ngo-25% uma amazinga okushisa edlula ama-degree Celsius angu-30. Lokhu kuncipha kwe-photosynthesis kuthinta ngqo ukukhula kwezitshalo kanye namandla azo, okuholela ezimpawini ezibonakalayo njengokusha kwesihloko samaqabunga, ukuphuzi, kanye nokubuna okuphelele.
Abalimi baye babona lezi zimpawu futhi bangase bazibone njengezifo ezifana ne-late blight (Phytophthora infestans). Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-late blight ikhula kahle ezimweni ezingama-degree Celsius angu-19-22 kanye nomswakama ophezulu ngaphezu kwama-80%, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi ikhule emazingeni okushisa aphezulu amanje. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlonza kabi ukucindezeleka kokushisa njengokutheleleka kwesikhunta kungaholela ekwelashweni ngamakhemikhali okungadingekile, okubangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu ezitshalweni.
Izinsuku zeviki. Zikhiphe ohlwini ngokuchofoza okukodwa.
Ukuze baphathe ngempumelelo ukucindezeleka kokushisa, abalimi kufanele bagxile kumasu alandelayo:
- Isikhathi Esifanele Sokunisela: Nisela ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa kakhulu lapho amazinga okushisa epholile. Lo mkhuba usiza ekunciphiseni ukulahleka kwamanzi futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zingakwazi ukumunca umswakama ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokuhwamuka ngokweqile.
- Gwema Ukuvundisa Kwasemini: Ukusebenzisa umanyolo, ikakhulukazi lawo ane-nitrogen eningi njenge-urea, ngesikhathi sokushisa kwasemini kungashisa amaqabunga. Uma kudingeka, qiniseka ukuthi kulandela ukufakwa kwamanzi amaningi ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo.
- Amasu Okupholisa Amaqabunga: Ngesikhathi sokushisa kakhulu kosuku, cabanga ngokupholisa inhlabathi ngokunisela ukuze uvimbele amaqabunga aphansi ukuthi angabuni ngenxa yomhlabathi oshisayo. Le ndlela isiza ukugcina isimo sezulu esifanele izitshalo.
- Izivundisi Ezicebile Nge-CalciumSebenzisa umanyolo ophezulu oqukethe i-calcium ukusiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka kokushisa. I-calcium isekela ukuqina kodonga lweseli, okubaluleke kakhulu ngezikhathi zokushisa okuphezulu.
- Qapha Izimpendulo Zezitshalo: Qaphela noma yikuphi ukufiphala kwesiliva ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, okungaba yisibonakaliso somonakalo wokushisa obangelwa yimimoya eshisayo neyomile.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi izitshalo zamazambane ziyavala ama-stomata azo ukuze zilondoloze amanzi lapho amazinga okushisa enyuka ngaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-32, okunciphisa ikhono lazo lokumunca ukwelashwa okusetshenzisiwe. Ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa okudingekayo kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo noma umanyolo owengeziwe kufanele kwenziwe lapho ama-stomata ezitshalo evulekile—kungcono ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa kakhulu.
Izibikezelo zesimo sezulu zibikezela ukwehla kwala mazinga okushisa aphezulu ngoLwesihlanu, okufanele kunciphise ukucindezeleka kwezinye izitshalo. Okwamanje, ukusebenzisa le mikhuba yokuphatha ukushisa kuzosiza ekunciphiseni umonakalo futhi kusekele ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwezitshalo zamazambane ezinempilo.
Ngokuqonda nokubhekana nezinselele ezithile ezibangelwa ukushisa okungazelelwe, abalimi bamazambane bangavikela kangcono izitshalo zabo futhi balondoloze umkhiqizo. Lezi zinyathelo ezisebenzayo zibalulekile ekuzivumelaniseni nokwanda kwezehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu nokuqinisekisa imikhuba yezolimo esimeme.
