Uma sibheka phambili eminyakeni engama-50 ezayo, abacwaningi bamazambane nabalimi banokukhathazeka okukhulu mayelana nokukhiqiza ukudla okwanele ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kodwa-ke, ikhambi elikhona likhona ngaphakathi "komndeni" wamazambane, i-International Potato Center (CIP), ezinze eLima, ePeru kusho umbiko wakamuva iposi blog. IPotato News Namuhla iphinda ishicilele okuthunyelwe okugcwele ngezansi.
Izitshalo zezihlobo zasendle zamazambane zihlobene nezofuzo namazambane esikhula futhi siwadle futhi aqukethe izici ezibalulekile ezingakhiwa kumthengi izinhlobo ukusiza ukuqinisekisa isivuno esinokwethenjelwa namazambane asezingeni eliphakeme wokubungaza ukuphepha kokudla nokondleka. Yize izihlobo eziningi zezitshalo zingadli, izici zazo ezibalulekile zisho ukuthi kufanele silondoloze lokhu kwehlukahlukana ukuze sikusebenzise esikhathini esizayo ukuqinisa amasistimu ethu okudla.
Ngalezi zizathu, i- Izitshalo Trust futhi Isikhungo Samazambane Samazwe Ngamazwe (CIP) isanda kusingathwa “Kusetshenziswa Izihlobo Zasendle Zamazambane ku-Pre-Breeding”Ukuxoxa ngesimo samanje sokusebenza nezihlobo zasendle zezitshalo nokuthi lezi zinhlobo zamazambane ezibalulekile zingasetshenziswa kanjani ukuxhasa izinhlelo zokudla zomhlaba wonke. Iphaneli lezinsuku ezimbili lifake abacwaningi abahlukahlukene bezinhlaka ezizimele kanye nezikahulumeni abahlanganiswe nemizamo yabo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kokudla kuhambisana nokukhula kwabantu emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukufika ngesikhathi kanye nokubaluleka kwe-workshop kunikeze ingqikithi eqhubekayo kuzo zonke izethulo. UBenjamin Kilian, Usosayensi Omkhulu Wezinsizakusebenza Zofuzo ku-Global Diversity Crop Trust kanye neMenenja ye Iphrojekthi Yezitshalo Zasendle (CWR), uthe ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuphoqa abalimi ukuba bafune yonke imithombo engaba khona okubandakanya izihlobo zasendle zezitshalo ukudala izinhlobo zezitshalo ezintsha ezingakhula ezimeni ezinzima kakhulu.
“ICWR Project isiqoqe amasampula angaphezu kwezi-4,500 24 zezihlobo zasendle ezilinywayo emazweni angama-300. EPeru kuphela, abalingani bethu baqoqa amasampula angaba ngu-XNUMX amazambane asendle ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivuno esizayo. Lezi zitshalo eziyigugu manje sezizokwandiswa futhi zilondolozelwe ukusetshenziswa kabanzi. ”
IPhrojekthi ye-CWR iyimizamo eyingqayizivele ngempela yesikhathi eside neyomhlaba wonke yokuvala igebe phakathi kwamabhange asebenza futhi avikele izihlobo zasendle zezitshalo nabalimi nabalimi abazisebenzisayo. Ixhasa ubudlelwano be-pre-breeding 19 (izitshalo eziyi-19) emazweni angama-50 nangezinhlangano ezingaphezulu kwekhulu zabalingani.
"Siyaziqhenya ngokusekela iphrojekthi eholwa ngamazambane ngaphambi kokuzalela nokuhlola iphrojekthi," kusho uKilian, enezela ngokuthi iphrojekthi ibilokhu isekela le phrojekthi ngaphambi kokuzalela nokuhlola amazambane kusukela ekupheleni konyaka wezi-2013.
UHannele Lindqvist-Kreuze, oyiDivision Leader of Crop Improvement e-CIP, uhambe emazwini kaKilian, wathi ukushesha kokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kusho ukuthi abalimi bazodinga izindlela zokuphangisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha.
“Izinambuzane eziqubukayo nezifo kanye nengcindezi ye-abiotic zizoqhubeka nokuba nomthelela ekukhiqizeni amazambane. Ngenkathi ukusebenzisa izihlobo zasendle zezitshalo kuyindlela ebucayi kithina, inqubo yokuqoqa izici bese sizakha zibe izinhlobo ezintsha yinkqubo ende futhi kufanele sixazulule izingqinamba eziyinkimbinkimbi yokuzalanisa amazambane. ”
Ikakhulu, yisigaba "sangaphambi kokuzalela" sokuthuthuka kokuhlukahluka okude futhi kubize. Iphaneli lokuvula aligxilanga kuphela ezifundweni zamacala okusheshisa ukuzalanisa ngaphambi kokuzalwa kodwa futhi nasenqubeni ebalulekile yokusebenzisana nabalimi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ososayensi bathuthukisa izinhlobo ezizoba nezici ezifunwa abesilisa nabesifazane, nabalimi nabathengi.
UThiago Mendes, umfuyi wamazambane one-CIP, wethule indlela iqembu lakhe elikhetha ngayo izinto zokwakha kuqala zezici abalimi abazifunayo maqondana nokumelana nesifo se-blight sekwedlule isikhathi nokubola kwamagciwane. Kuze kube manje, baqale ukusebenzisa izihlobo zasendle eziyi-12 ezibonisa lezo zici.
Imbuyiselo yokuqala yokuwela lezi zinhlobo namazambane ajwayelekile yayikhuthaza, kusho uMendes, futhi iqembu lakhe manje selizogxila ekubhaleni inqubo yabo nasekulungiseleleni ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu okuzokhululwa njengezinhlobo zokwabelana nabazalisi emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwenqubo yokuzalanisa abalimi nabathengi abazothenga lezi zinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe. Uma kukhiqizwa izinhlobo ezintsha ezinokumelana nezifo okuhle kepha kunzima ukuzipheka noma ukunambitheka kabi, abalimi ngeke nje bazikhulise futhi imizamo yokuzalanisa ayilutho.
UMaria Scurrah ungumfuyi wezitshalo onaye UGrupo Yanapai ePeru, owenze izilingo eziningi zokukhetha nabalimi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abalimi bayaziqonda izimfanelo abalimi abazifunayo.
“Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zokubamba iqhaza kuvumela [abalimi] ukuthi bazizwe benamandla enkambisweni. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi bazoba phakathi kwabokuqala ukufinyelela imbewu entsha futhi basakaze izwi ngezinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe. Leli gama lomlomo linomthelela emazingeni aphezulu okutholwa. ”
Ku-CIP kanye ne- Isikhungo Sokukhulisa Izitshalo Nokwenzelela ePoland (IHAR), abalimi bagxile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwe-germplasm esandulelwe ukukhulisa izinhlobo ezifanele abalimi ababasebenzelayo.
UNorma Manrique ungusosayensi ongumhlobo we I-CIP genebank osebenza ukonga, ukubhala nokuhambisa i-germplasm equkethe izici ezivele zakhiwe zezinhlobo ezintsha. Uthe ukwabiwa kwegciwane kuyenzeka kusetshenziswa i- Isivumelwano Sokudluliswa Kokusebenza Okujwayelekile kohlelo lwezinhlelo eziningi ukuhlinzeka ukufinyelela komhlaba wonke nokulingana emithonjeni yezofuzo.
I-IHAR ingumamukeli oyedwa osizakele kwiSivumelwano Sokutshalwa Kwezitshalo. Umcwaningi uPaulina Smyda-Dajmund uchaze ukuthi inhlangano yakhe isebenzisa kanjani amasampula e-germplasm ukwenza imigqa yabazali yokuzalanisa izinhlobo ezintsha.
“EPoland, ukulimala sekwedlule isikhathi nezinye izinambuzane zomdabu kuyinselelo yethu enkulu. Kuze kube manje, kusukela ngawo-1960, sesenze izinhlobo ezingama-72 zabalimi basePoland ukusiza ukunciphisa imiphumela yalezi zinselelo. ”
Njengoba sesibeke isisekelo esibalulekile sokuqonda izinselelo zokusebenzisa i-CWR ekuzalaneni okuvamile kwamazambane, usuku lwesi-2 lugxile emizameni yezinkampani ezizimele kanye nezikahulumeni ukuhlengahlengisa ukwakhiwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha. Ngenkathi umkhakha kahulumeni unikela ngezinsizakusebenza zokuqoqa nokutadisha ama-CWR ngezinhlobo ezintsha, izinkampani ezizimele (amaqembu anjenge I-HZPC, Embrapa futhi Solynta) inikeza ukufinyelela emakethe, ubuchwepheshe obusha, nokukhuphuka kwamandla okusabalalisa ngokushesha izinhlobo ezintsha - inhlanganisela enamandla njengoba abalimi beqhubeka nokulindela futhi befaka izingqinamba esikhathini esizayo ekukhiqizeni amazambane.
Kumele ube kwangenwa ukuze ngibhale.