Ngo-2021, i-AgTech ibe nokukhula okukhulu. Ngokusho kwe-Finistere Ventures' 2020 AgriFood Tech Investment Review, ethuthukiswe ngokubambisana ne-PitchBook Data, isamba sokutshalwa kwezimali emhlabeni jikelele ku-agrifood tech kwaba. $22.3 billion, nezigidigidi ezinhlanu ukuya ku-AgTech kanye no-$17.3 billion kubuchwepheshe bokudla. Umbiko uphinde uthole ukuthi imakethe ikhula ngenani lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka elingama-50%.
Ezindaweni ezilawulwayo ezolimo njengamapulazi aqondile angaphakathi, ukuhlaziya okuvela ku-Allied Market Research kubikezele ukukhula kokutshalwa kwezimali ngo-2018 kwezigidigidi ezi-2.4 kuya ku-18 billion ngo-2026. wakhuliswa $ 300 million.
Inhloso yesibili yeNhlangano Yezizwe Eziyi-17 Yentuthuko Eqhubekayo iwukuqeda indlala, ukuthola ukutholakala kokudla, ukuthuthukisa ukudla okunomsoco, kanye nokukhuthaza ezolimo ezisimeme. Yize i-UN inethemba lokuthi izowufeza lo mgomo ngo-2030, uSachin Gupta, umholi we-Global Agribusiness Industry kwa-IBM, uthi kuzodinga uguquko olunzulu ohlelweni lokudla nezolimo emhlabeni wonke.
“Yize lolu shintsho luzoba yinkimbinkimbi futhi lunzima kodwa ubuchwepheshe buneqhaza elikhulu okufanele balibambe,” kusho uGupta. “Ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa [..] busetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yezolimo yabalimi abasafufusa ukuya kubadlali abakhulu bebhizinisi lezolimo ngendlela ethuthukisa intuthuko esimeme.”
Ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela
Ngokusho kwabakwaGupta, enye yalezo zinto ezibalulekile ezisaqhubeka nokushintsha ezolimo yi-artificial intelligence (AI).
"I-AI izothuthukisa kakhulu ukulima okusimeme emhlabeni ngokusiza abalimi ukubikezela isimo sezulu," kusho uGupta. “Ukulima kuyibhizinisi eliyingozi. Abalimi emhlabeni wonke bebelokhu bexabene nesimo sezulu - isomiso, izikhukhula, noma okuthile phakathi. Ukuzinzisa ukuvikeleka kokudla kuyinto eseqhulwini emhlabeni wonke.” AbakwaGupta bayabalula yara, osebenza ne-IBM ukuze asebenzise ukubikezela kwezulu kwendawo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivuno sezitshalo. Uhlelo lwabo lokusebenza i-FarmWeather yakhelwe abalimi abancane futhi ibasiza ukuthi bakhulise umkhiqizo wezitshalo naphezu kwezimo zezulu ezingalindelekile.
"Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lusebenzisa i-AI ne-IoT ukuze lunikeze izibikezelo zengozi nezeluleko zezitshalo endaweni engamakhilomitha amathathu kuya kwamane epulazi futhi luvumela ukwabelana ngolwazi - okuhlanganisa ne-SMS kubalimi ngaphandle kokufinyelela ku-inthanethi noma i-smartphone," kusho uGupta. UBrandon Rebiero, umsunguli kanye nozakwethu kwa Gold Leaf Farming, ithi i-AI nokufunda ngomshini kuzoqala ukulolonga isimo semboni ngezindlela ezibalulekile, njengokusiza abalimi ukuthi bathole ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokufakiwe kanye nesivuno esifiswayo.
“Lokhu kuhlobene nemiphumela eminingi eyinhloko: ukonga izinsiza ngokombono wokulawula izindleko; ukunciphisa izinga lekhabhoni lemboni nokwenza okungcono kakhulu kwezemvelo; amandla okuba nesineke uma ubhekene nezinkinga zokusebenza nezimakethe,” kusho uRebiero. "Kukho konke lokhu, i-AI namathuluzi okufunda ngomshini azosekela ukwenza inzuzo." UDarryn Keiller, uMsunguli kanye ne-CEO ye-WayBeyond, ukholelwa ukuthi i-AI izoqhubeka nokuhola kodwa uthi ezolimo zisabheka ukuthi idatha enkulu kangakanani kanye ne-AI kuzovumela ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo okuzinzile.
“Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwakho kokubili, kuvamise ukukhulunywa ngakho ngomoya owodwa, kodwa kuhluke kakhulu,” kusho uKeiller. "Umdlalo omkhulu wedatha ngabalimi uyaqala, futhi umayelana nokuxhaphaza idatha, ukuveza imininingwane emisha mayelana nokuthi yini enomthelela ekuvuthweni, okuhlanganisa ikhwalithi yezithelo nobumnandi." Kodwa uKeiller ukholelwa ukuthi inselele enkulu ukuthi abekho onjiniyela bedatha abanele nososayensi bedatha ukuhlangabezana nesidingo. “Ukuqasha uchwepheshe wedatha yezolimo noma inkampani ye-AI [..] kuyisu elithembekile lesikhathi eside.
Amapulazi aqondile
Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngo-Okthoba 2021 ngabakwa-Insight Partners luthole ukuthi i-Vertical Farming Market izokhula isuka ku-$4,300 Million ngo-2021 iye ku-$19,864 Million ngo-2028. Rasmus Bjerngaard, umsunguli kanye ne-CEO ye Nextfood, ukulima okuqondile kuhlola amabhokisi amaningi. "Amapulazi aqondile athuthukisa ukunambitheka nokudla futhi anciphise umthelela wesimo sezulu kanye nomthelela wezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo." "I-AI kanye ne-automation izihluthulelo zokuthuthukisa izindleko zokusebenza eziyinhloko ekulimeni mpo uma kuqhathaniswa nesivuno uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa okuncane kanye nesivuno uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwabasebenzi," kusho uBjerngaard.
"I-Covid ifakazele ukuthi izindaba zokuphepha kokudla kanye nokuqina kohlelo lokudla zingokoqobo futhi ukulima okuqondile kuyisixazululo," kusho uBjerngaard. "Ngasikhathi sinye, ezinye izingxenye zamakhasimende zokulima ziqonde ngqo njengezindawo zokudlela ezihlaselwe kakhulu yilolu bhubhane futhi okungenzeka ukuthi zilimaze amapulazi aqondile, bekungasondelene nemiphumela ebe nayo ekukhuleni kwangaphandle ngoba amapulazi amile angacima i-OPEX." U-Steve Lindsley, uMongameli we-Grov Technologies, uthi ubuchwepheshe bokulima obuqondile bubeka umkhiqizo endaweni lapho osetshenziswayo, kungaba emadolobheni/abantu noma asemaphandleni/ezilwane. "Ngaphezu kokunciphisa izinkinga zokuthutha kanye nokukhishwa kwe-GHG, ukulima kwendawo, ukulima okuqondile kwandisa ukudla kanye nenani lokudla kanye nokudla okunomsoco futhi kwandisa ukuqina kokudla kwendawo," kunezela uLindsley.
Blockchain
AbakwaGupta bathi ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-blockchain buzosiza ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-supply chain, kwenze abathengi baqonde kangcono umsuka kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo abayithengayo. “I-Blockchain ingaphezu kwe-aspirational business tech; isetshenziswa namuhla ukuguqula indlela abantu abangakha ngayo ukwethemba impahla abayidlayo,” kusho uGupta. Uhlelo lwe-IBM lwe-blockchain, i-Thank My Farmer, luvumela abalimi ukuthi bavale igebe phakathi kwabathengi nabalimi bekhofi abancane, bavumele abaphuza ikhofi ukuthi balandelele ikhofi labo ukuze baqonde ikhwalithi kanye nemvelaphi yalo futhi basekele umlimi otshale ubhontshisi.
USegafredo Stori wayefuna ukukhulisa ikhofi elilandelekayo e-Europe. Abalimi bekhofi abangamashumi amahlanu nanye e-Lempira nase-Intibucá e-Honduras batshala ama-cherry ekhofi e-Arabica asetshenziswa uSegafredo ekhofini layo. "Kuwuhambo olunzima ukusuka emapulazini ngokusebenzisa i-coffee supply chain lusaqhubeka - ngokusebenzisa izigayo nasemachwebeni, ngokusebenzisa ama-roasteries nezitolo," kusho uGupta. “Manje ikhasimende likaSegafredo lingakwazi ukulandelela isinyathelo ngasinye sohambo ngokuskena ikhodi ye-QR emaphaketheni e-Segafredo Storia.
Imishini yokuzimela kanye namarobhothi
U-Rebeiro uthi ngaphandle kokuphokophela ekuqhubekeni phambili, ulindele ukubona ukwamukelwa kogandaganda abazimele nobunye ubuchwepheshe berobhothi bukhula ngesivinini esikhulu. “Yize singeke sasho kahle ukuthi lokhu kuzobukeka kanjani [..] eminyakeni edlule, sicabanga ngekusasa lapho abalimi abakhulu njengathi bezoba namachibi emishini azimele angasebenza ezindaweni ezibanzi,” kusho uRebeiro. "Kulesi simo, ungase ube nomphathi wemikhumbi osezingeni eliphezulu, onolwazi ngobuchwepheshe owengamele ukuthunyelwa kwedamu lobuchwepheshe elizimele kuzo zombili izindawo nezinkathi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezifunekayo."
URebeiro ukholelwa ukuthi ukushintshela kulolu hlobo lwemodeli kuzothinta kakhulu izindleko zabasebenzi, ukusebenza kahle kanye nomphumela. U-WayBeyond's Keiller uthi amarobhothi nawo angakunqoba ukushoda kwezisebenzi. "Ngo-2020, i-Covid yayidlangile ngenxa yezisebenzi, imingcele yavalwa, futhi isivuno sashiywa singakhethwanga, okuholele ekulahlekeni kwezimali nokumoshakala okukhulu," kusho uKeiller. "Ngo-2021, izinto azizange zibe ngcono kakhulu, [..] akukaze kube khona isikhathi esingcono samarobhothi."
Kodwa uBoaz Bachar, i-CEO ye I-Fieldin, ukholelwa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokulima obuzimele buqhubekela ekuvuthweni kwezohwebo. “Siyazi ukuthi ipulazi lesikhathi esizayo ngeke lifane nelamapulazi anamuhla, futhi ngilindele ukuthi sizobona amabhizinisi amasha evela ukuze asekele lolu shintsho olungenakugwemeka,” kusho uBachar. “Ikakhulukazi, ngikholwa ukuthi ezolimo zizosuka ekuphathweni kwezimali okunzima kwe-CAPEX ziye kumodeli yesimanje ye-OPEX zidale ukuvuleka kwezinhlobo ezintsha zezimali kanye nezixazululo ze-fintech.”
U-Bachar uthi uthembele ekuboneni izixazululo eziningi ze-niche hardware ukuze axazulule izinselele zokusebenza kwansuku zonke epulazini. "Izingxenye ezikhethekile ezinjengalezi sezivele zithola indlela yazo ekusetshenzisweni kwezentengiselwano, nakuba ukwamukelwa kwazo kuzoba yinselele ngokombono wabasebenzisi kuze kube ipulatifomu yesofthiwe ephakathi nendawo ingakwazi ukuhlehlisa abaphathi bazo, kusho uBachar. "Ekugcineni, le ngxenye yesofthiwe eyinkimbinkimbi iyisixhumanisi esingekho esisidingayo ukuze silinganisele futhi sihlanganise igagasi elizayo lobuchwepheshe."
Izithiyo zezomnotho nezemvelo
Kwesinye isikhathi akubona njalo ubuchwepheshe obushayela i-ajenda. Ngokusho kuka-Bachar, kuphinde kube yizingqinamba zemvelo nezomnotho.
"Eminyakeni ezayo, ngikholelwa ukuthi ukukhula kwezingqinamba kwezomnotho nezemvelo kuzocindezela indawo yokusebenza kahle," kusho uBachar. “Silindele ukuthi ukushoda kwezisebenzi nesimo sezulu esingalindelekile kuzokwandisa inkinga.” U-Bachar ukholelwa ukuthi izixazululo zokulima ezizimele zizothuthuka ngokushesha ukuze kuliwe nalezi zinselele futhi kukhuphule umgomo wabalimi. “Lona wumkhuba omkhulu esilindele ukuthi uzoshanela imboni futhi uguqule izinkambiso zokusebenza ngokushesha,” kwengeza uBachar.
AbakwaGupta bakhomba ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamanzi ezindaweni ezikhahlanyezwe yisomiso. I-IBM isebenze i-E. & J. Gallo Winery yase-California ukuze iqalise isisombululo esisha sokunisela esingenisa idatha evela kuzibikezelo zesimo sezulu, isithombe sesathelayithi nemigqa yamanzi esongwe ngezinzwa ezikala izimo zemvelo kanye nengcindezi yomvini. "Le datha yembula imininingwane ngemiphumela yezinguquko zomoya ezingxenyeni zesivini futhi idala imiyalelo yokunisela enconyiwe esekelwe ezidingweni zomvini ngamunye - ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinsiza zamanzi ezilinganiselwe zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele," kusho uGupta.
Uhulumeni
NgokukaSteve Lindsley, uMongameli, iGrov Technologies, kunezizathu ezintathu ezibalulekile zokuthi kungani uhulumeni ezobamba iqhaza elikhulayo ku-AgTech nasekulimeni okuqondile: ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukwanda kwabantu kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuhlinzekwa kwezidingo.
"Ekuphenduleni izinkinga ezidalulwe ubhubhane lwe-Covid-19, ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke bakhipha uxhaso olukhulu lokuqinisa umnotho wabo, izinhlelo zokukhiqiza ukudla kanye namaketanga," kusho uLindsley. “Ingxenye enhle yalezi zimali izofinyelela kubalimi, abalimi kanye nabakhiqizi bokudla.” “Abalimi bathwele kanzima ukuze balawule zonke izingozi ezihambisana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu njengesomiso esidonsa isikhathi eside, izikhukhula, iziphepho ezinamandla, izinkathi zokukhula eziguquguqukayo kanye nokukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle, ukubala okumbalwa,” kusho uLindsley.
U-Lindsley uthi amanani abalulekile ezimali zokuvuselela umbuso kanye nezamazwe ngamazwe sezivele zisezandleni zohulumeni basekhaya nowezifundazwe. “IColorado ihlele uhlelo lwabo, iColorado Agriculture Future Loan Programme ngaphakathi koMnyango Wezolimo; e-California, amanzi akhiwe ngaphakathi kweSigele Sombuso njengeMithombo yeNdalo naManzi; nase-Utah, uxhaso lwentuthuko ye-ag luza ngeHhovisi Lombusi Lamathuba Ezomnotho,” kusho uLindsley.
Kodwa uLindsley ukholelwa ukuthi ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke badinga ukusekela futhi baxhase ukwamukelwa kwemboni ye-Ag kwe-AgTech entsha kanye nezinhlelo zokulima eziqondile ukuze bondle abantu babo abakhulayo futhi banciphise ukungavikeleki kokudla nokondleka. "Abalimi abakhulu njengathi bangabasebenzisi bokuqala bezixazululo ze-AgTech," kusho uRebiero. “Sesivele sisebenzisa uthingo lwamathuluzi nezinkonzo ezinenkontileka futhi kuningi okuyinkimbinkimbi kulokho, futhi kungokwemvelo kulesi sigaba sokuvela kwemakethe. U-Rebiero wengeza ngokuthi inkimbinkimbi kufanele yehliswe ukuze kufezeke isithembiso sezixazululo ze-AgTech ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
“I-holy grail iwukuba nenkundla eyodwa engahlela zonke lezi zinkonzo nobuchwepheshe kusuka kudeshibhodi eyodwa. Lezi zixazululo azinangqondo ngokuphelele noma azinakulinganiswa ku-opharetha omkhulu ngaphandle kwaleso sizathu esivamile. Kodwa uma sesithole amathuluzi asafufusayo okukhulumisana sodwa nge-software yomthengisi-agnostic, sizoba namandla kakhulu kunanamuhla. "Sizokwazi kahle ukuthi yiziphi izinsimbi okufanele sizidonse ukuze senze imiphumela engenzeka epulazini," kusho uRebiero.