Kulula ukushaya nokulimaza amazambane ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Le nkinga ebucayi ibiza abalimi, abapakisha, kanye nabaprosesa izigidi zamadola minyaka yonke. Ake sibheke izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokulimala kwemishini bese amathiphu okuthi ungasiza kanjani ukunciphisa ukulimala kwezilimo eziyizigaxa zakho.
Ungazazi kanjani Izinhlobo ze-3 Zokulimala Kwemishini
1. Ukukhumba isikhumba
Indlela enhle yokukhomba isikhumba ukubheka izindawo ezihlutshiwe, ezikhutshiwe, ezihlikihliwe, nezisuswe esikhunjeni (isikhumba). Kungenzeka wake wezwa elinye igama lalokhu: “ukuphosa izimpaphe.” Izindawo ezinesikhumba ziba mnyama ngemuva kwesikhathi esifushane, okwenza zingathandeki kangako emakethe entsha
Imvamisa kwenzeka lapho amazambane angavuthiwe ephathwa futhi evunwa. Isikhumba esisesigubheni esingavuthiwe asinamatheli ngokuqinile ezicutshini ezingaphansi, esivumela isikhumba ukuthi sandise nesifo sofuba esikhulayo.
Inqubo esiyaziyo njengesethi yesikhumba, lapho i-periderm ibophela khona kuwo wonke ama-tuber, iqala ngemuva kokuthi imivini ifile nezilimo eziyizigaxa ziyeke ukukhula. Izici eziningi zemvelo nezofuzo zingaba nomthelela esikhathini esisithathayo ukuze isikhumba sisethwe. Ukuzala ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen ne-potassium kubambezela ukuvuthwa komvini futhi, noma ngosizo lwama-desiccants omvini, kunganciphisa ukusetha kwesikhumba.
Amanye ama-cultivars athatha isikhathi eside kunamanye. Isibonelo, izinhlobo ezibomvu zivame ukubeka isikhumba kancane kancane kunama-russets. Ukugwema izinkinga zokukhishwa kwesikhumba, izivini kufanele zife noma zikhishwe emasontweni amabili kuya kwamathathu ngaphambi kokuvuna ukuze kuvunyelwe isikhathi sokumiswa kwesikhumba.
Indlela engcono yokuhlola isethi yesikhumba ukugcoba isithupha sakho esikhunjeni ukuze ubone ukuthi “siyashibilika” yini. Uma i-periderm isuswa kalula, kuzodingeka ukuthi uyinike isikhathi esithe xaxa sokusetha ngaphambi kokuvuna.
2. Shatter Bruise
Imivimbo yokuqhekeka yenzeka lapho isikhumba sihlukana ngenxa yemithelela. Kubonakala ngokuqhekeka nokuqhekeka ebusweni be-tuber. Kuhlotshaniswa nokuphathwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezibandayo futhi ezi-turgid.
Indlela yokunciphisa ukubhidlika ukuvikela umswakama omningi ngokweqile ezinsukwini nasemavikini okuholela ekuvuneni (ukunciphisa ukunwebeka ngokweqile kwezilimo eziyizigaxa). Vuna kuphela lapho amazinga okushisa e-tuber pulp angaphezulu kuka-50 ° F futhi uvikele ukwehla ezindaweni ezinzima, ezingafakwanga.
Izinhlobo zamazambane ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu okwomile zivame ukuba sengozini yokuphahlazeka ukulimazeka. Okwezilimo ezinokuthambekela kokuphahlazeka, kungasiza ekuvuneni izilimo eziyizigaxa lapho seziphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni.
Funda kabanzi ngemibhalo kaCarrie Huffman Wohleb's Potato Pointer.
3. IBlackspot Bruise
Ukulimala kweBlackspot nakho kungabangelwa yimithelela, kepha umonakalo ungamaseli angaphansi kwesikhumba. Isikhumba asiphuli, futhi kaningi azikho izimpawu zokulimala ebusweni.
Ukulimala kweblackpot kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana alimele evuza ama-enzyme asabela ngamakhemikhali e-phenolic akha i-melanin, i-pigment emnyama. Umphumela uba indawo encane, empunga kuya kumbala omnyama okweqanda ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuvame ukuthatha amahora angama-12 kuye kwangama-24 ukuwakha.
Iphinde ihlotshaniswe ne-tuber hydration empofu, okuhlukile nje kokuphahlazeka kwemihuzuko. Ukunisela kuqala ngaphambi kokuvuna kungadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe-tuber okwanele ngesikhathi sokuphatha ukunciphisa i-blackspot. Kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuvuselela izilimo eziyizigaxa enhlabathini eyomile, ngakho-ke vumela izinsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuchelela ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Usayizi we-Tuber wenza futhi ukulimazeka kwe-blackspot. Ihlotshaniswa nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu okwomile futhi ezindala ngokomzimba noma ezivuthiwe kakhulu.
Amanye ama-cultivars, afana ne-'Ranger Russet, 'athinteka kakhulu ekulimaleni kwe-blackspot. Akufanele bavunyelwe ukuvuthwa ngokweqile, futhi kufanele uphathe umswakama wenhlabathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-tuber hydration eyanele ngesikhathi sokuvuna.
Izincomo ezijwayelekile
• Vuna izilimo eziyizigaxa lapho sezikhulile futhi zinesikhumba esihle sokugwema ukushuka.
• Kungcono ukuvuna izilimo eziyizigaxa lapho ziphakathi kuka-50 ° F kuye ku-60 ° F. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezibandayo zithinteka ekulimazekeni kokubili kokuphahlazeka kanye ne-blackspot. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezifudumele kunzima ukuzipholisa lapho zigcinwa futhi zisengozini yokubola ethambile kanye nezinye izifo ezibolayo.
• Izinga eliphakathi nendawo le-tuber hydration lingaba lihle kakhulu ngoba izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingenamanzi zithinteka kakhulu ku-blackspot, kanti nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinamanzi amaningi zithambekele ekuphahlazekeni.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi ulungisa futhi usebenzise imishini yokuvuna ukuze unciphise ukulimazeka. Amaketanga okuhambisa amaPad anezinto zokusonga kanye nezindawo ezinomthelela wokuthinta. Sebenzisa amadivayisi anciphisa ukubuyela emuva kwe-tuber kumakheshi nakuma-booms. Lungisa ijubane lamaketanga nabo bonke abathumeli ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi agcwaliswa ngomthamo (lokhu kunciphisa ukubuyela emuva). Gwema amaconsi angaphezu kwamasentimitha ayisithupha.
• Yazi umhlanganiso owukhulisayo nokuthi ngabe ungaphezulu - noma ungaphansi - ungabhekana nokulimala, ukuphahlazeka, noma ukulinyazwa yiblackpot. Amasu okugwema ukulinyazwa azohluka ngokuya ngamathuba okulimazeka.