#CertifiedSeed #PotatoFarming #CropPerformance #Profitability #DiseaseTolerance #SeedCertification #YieldLoss #PotatoVirus #PCN
Thola ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa imbewu yamazambane eqinisekisiwe kwezolimo. Funda mayelana nemihlahlandlela, ukuhlanzeka kwezinhlobonhlobo, kanye nezimfuneko zokubekezelela izifo ezibekwe imithetho kazwelonke yesitifiketi sembewu. Imbewu engaqinisekisiwe ingaholela ekuthelelekeni nasekulahlekelweni kwesivuno, okwenza kube semqoka ukubeka eqhulwini imbewu eqinisekisiwe ukuze isitshalo sisebenze kahle kanye nenzuzo.
Imbewu yamazambane eqinisekisiwe idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukufuywa kwamazambane ngempumelelo ngokulandela imihlahlandlela eqinile yokuhlanzeka kwezinhlobonhlobo kanye nokubekezelela izifo. Imithetho kanye nemithethonqubo yokuqinisekisa imbewu kazwelonke isungula amazinga embewu eqinisekisiwe, ihlinzeka abalimi ngomthombo othembekile wezinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukusebenzisa imbewu engaqinisekisiwe noma ezinye izindlela ezifana nembewu eyodwa, ama-culls, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu, noma imizuzwana kungaba yingozi enkulu ezitshalweni zamazambane. Okunye okukhathaza kakhulu wukutheleleka okungenzeka kwePotato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV). Lokhu kutheleleka ngegciwane kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kukho kokubili isivuno nekhwalithi, okuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zezezimali kubalimi.
Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwagqamisa umthelela omubi wamagciwane ezitshalweni zamazambane. Isibonelo, ucwaningo olwenziwa uHamm noHann ngo-1999 lwabonisa ukuthi izitshalo zamazambane ezitshalwe embewini enegciwane le-PLRV zikhiqize okungenani isivuno esincane esingu-60% kanye nesivuno esincane esingama-88% esithengiswayo (izilimo eziyizigaxa> 85 g) uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo ezitshalwe ngembewu enempilo. Ukwengeza, imbewu enegciwane le-PLRV ibangele izitshalo ezinezilimo eziyizigaxa ezimbalwa nezincane.
Kwesinye isifundo, isivuno sezinhlamvu zembewu ye-Red Pontiac ehlaselwe i-potato virus X (PVX) sehliswe ngo-21.85% uma kuqhathaniswa namasheya angenayo i-PVX, njengoba kwabikwa nguHoyman ngo-1964. Ngokufanayo, isitshalo saseRusset Burbank esitheleleke ngegciwane lezambane lembewu Y. (I-PVY) ithole ukuncipha kwesivuno esimaphakathi esingu-63.5% ngokusho kukaWhitworth et al. ngo-2006.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwembewu kusebenza njengesiqiniseko sokuthi izifo azikho emazingeni azoba nomthelela omubi ekuvunweni kwezitshalo noma emakethe. Endabeni yezifo ezithile ezifana ne-bacterial wilt kanye ne-potato cyst nematode (PCN), ukukhishwa okuphelele kuyadingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusakazeka kwezifo kanye nokulahlekelwa kwesivuno. Izinga Likazwelonke Lokuqinisekiswa Kwembewu Yamazambane (AUSVEG, Agasti 2007) ligunyaza ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwazo zonke izinkambu ezisetshenziselwa izitshalo zembewu eqinisekisiwe ze-PCN. Lokhu kuhlola kubandakanya ukuqoqa amasampula omhlabathi ahlanganisiwe kugridi yamamitha ayishumi ngeshumi ngamahektha amabili, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi insimu “ye-PCN-free” iyagcinwa.
Ukukhetha imbewu eqinisekisiwe kuyisinyathelo esisheshayo sokunciphisa ubungozi bezifo nokwandisa ukusebenza kwezitshalo. Ngokulandela imithetho kazwelonke yokuqinisekisa izimbewu, abalimi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zabo zamazambane zitshalwa ngembewu yeqophelo eliphezulu eye yahlolwa kanzima futhi yahlangabezana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo zokuhlanzeka nokubekezelela izifo.
Ngokukhetha imbewu eqinisekisiwe, abalimi banganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okulahlekelwa kwesivuno, balondoloze ukudayiswa komkhiqizo wabo, futhi bavikele inzuzo yabo iyonke. Ukutshala imali embewini eqinisekisiwe kunikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokusebenza ngempumelelo kokulima amazambane.
Ithebula 2-3: Vimba ukulinganisa kwesilingo semiphumela ehlanganisiwe ye-PVX ne-PVS ekukhiqizweni kwesivuno kanye ne-tuber ye-Netted Gem potato e-British Columbia, 1969 (Wright, 1970). | ||||
Isivuno (t/ha) | No. Tubers/100 m | |||
Okuqukethwe Kwegciwane | Iyathengiswa | Ubude | Iyathengiswa | Ubude |
Akunalo igciwane | 56.8 | 59.5 | 20,830 | 23,160 |
I-PVX ne-PVS | 44.0 | 46.4 | 18,500 | 20,970 |
Umehluko wangempela1 | 12.8 | 13.1 | 2,330 | 2,190 |
% umehluko | 29.8 | 28.1 | 12.5 | 9.6 |
Ukushiya ikhwalithi yembewu ngengozi kungaba nemiphumela emibi kubalimi bamazambane. Ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwezitshalo kanye nenzuzo, kubalulekile ukubeka phambili ukusetshenziswa kwembewu yamazambane eqinisekisiwe. Ukulandela imihlahlandlela yokuhlanzeka kwezinhlobonhlobo kanye nokubekezelela izifo, njengoba kusungulwe imithetho neziqondiso zesitifiketi sembewu kazwelonke, kuqinisekisa ukuthi isilimo esitholakalayo asingenwa kalula yizifo kanye nokulahlekelwa isivuno. Ngokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nekhwalithi yembewu, ubudala bokuphila, kanye nezitifiketi zezifo, abalimi bangakwazi ukukhulisa amandla ezitshalo zabo futhi bavikele impumelelo yesikhathi eside.
Isihloko: Abalimi Bamazambane base-Australia