Ukukhula kokucubungula amazambane enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYurophu kuyaqhubeka ngenxa yakamuva noma okuhlelelwe ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezi-3 ezintsha zokucubungula esifundeni sase-Hauts-de-France. Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kulandela ukwanda okujwayelekile kwezindawo zokukhiqiza amazambane eBelgium, eNetherlands, eFrance naseJalimane, etholakala enhliziyweni yesifunda esithandwayo, esibizwa nge-“NEPG zone.”
Uma kuqhathaniswa nethebula lemakethe yamazambane, imboni yaseBelgium ibusa kakhulu, kuyilapho iFrance, iNetherlands, neJalimane inokuhlola okunokulinganisela kwezimakethe zasekhaya neziya kwamanye amazwe ukuze kutholwe umkhiqizo omusha kanye nokucutshungulwa kwezimboni. Lezi zinguquko ezisheshayo zizuzisa imboni yezolimo kanye ne-agri-food kulawa mazwe ama-4, kodwa iphakamisa umbuzo wokusimama esimweni semakethe yokudla okuqandisiwe okusekelwe kumazambane emhlabeni jikelele. Izinkinga zakamuva (i-Covid-19, amandla, ukwehla kwamandla emali) zikhombisile ubuthakathaka namandla omkhakha obhekene nokuncintisana okwandayo okuvela e-Asia. I-NEPG zone ingadi yamazambane yaseYurophu. Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane okuyinhloko kutholakala endaweni enkulu ehlanganisa isifunda saseHauts-de-France, eBelgium, eNetherlands naseRhineland (ngenxa yeBrexit, ukufinyelela kumazambane aseBrithani kunzima namuhla). Lapha, izimo zokukhiqiza zihlala zizinhle kakhulu e-Netherlands lapho kubusa abakhiqizi bomlando abangu-4: i-Avico, i-Lamb Weston, i-McCain, ne-French Fries ePulazini. Ngokucabangela opharetha abancane, uhlu luhlanganisa cishe izinsiza ezingamashumi amabili ezitholakala ngokuyinhloko engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe. I-Netherlands iphethwe abakhiqizi abane bomlando: i-Avico, i-Lamb Weston, i-McCain, kanye nama-French fries avela epulazini. Uma kucatshangelwa futhi opharetha abancane, kunezikhungo ezingaba ngamashumi amabili ezitholakala ikakhulukazi eningizimu yezwe. Inhlabathi ejulile, evame ukuchelela okutholakalayo, iziza ezinkulu, ulwazi lwabakhiqizi, nesimo sezulu esinomswakama ngokusesilinganisweni (naphezu kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, okwenza ukushisa nesomiso kuvame kaningi)
Ngokusekelwe kudatha ye-NEPG yamazwe amane ashiwo ngenhla (NEPG-4), amathani ayizigidi ezingu-4 kuya kwezingu-21.6 akhiqizwe eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, ngaphandle kwezimbewu nesitashi, endaweni ephakathi kuka-23.6 no-5 wamahektha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isivuno esijwayelekile siyahluka ukusuka ku-498,000 kuya ku-522,000 amathani/ha eminyakeni ehlukene. Izindawo zifuna ukwanda kuyilapho isivuno sithanda ukuntengantenga kunokuba sikhule. Amandla ashukumisayo kulo mkhakha ngokusobala ukucutshungulwa kwezimboni kwamafrimu aseFrance (aqandisiwe namasha), ama-chips, ama-croquette, nezinye izibiliboco. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemakethe yetafula lamazambane, iBelgium ibuswa yizimboni, kanti kwamanye amazwe amathathu (iFrance, iPortugal-Brazil, neDenmark) ibhalansi phakathi kwezimakethe zamazambane zetafula (zokusetshenziswa ekhaya kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe) kanye nokucubungula kwezimboni kulinganisela. Cishe kunabasebenzi bezimboni abayishumi eBelgium abathi ngo-43.1 basebenzisa isamba esingamathani ayizigidi eziyisi-46.2 zamafrimu aseFrance (umthombo: Belgapom), ezinhlotsheni eziyi-2022 ezihlukene (eziqandisiwe noma ezintsha).
Kukhona nezitshalo ezintathu zokukhiqiza ama-chip noma ama-tile ezitholakala ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe. Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlinzekwa kwazo zonke lezi zitshalo zika-2023 ayikakhishwa, kodwa kuqinisekile ukuthi i-6.5-million-ton mark isidlulile. Abakhiqizi abakhulu ngoClarebout, Lutosa (McCain), kanye no-Agristo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2022, iBelgium yakhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.8 zamafrizi aqandisiwe, amathani angu-257,000 amafriji amasha, namathani angu-700,000 kuma-chips neminye imikhiqizo. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okwenziwe ngo-2022 kwafinyelela ku-€300 million. Eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, ukukhula okumaphakathi konyaka embonini yaseBelgium bekucishe kube ngama-8%, okuholele ekuphindaphindeni kwempahla phakathi kuka-2013 no-2024 (>>6.5 million). Ukube bekunokwehla okukhulu ngenxa ye-COVID, khona-ke ukululama bekuyoba namandla kakhulu (>10%). Imikhiqizo eqediwe yaseBelgium yenza u-18% wokuthengiswa emakethe yasekhaya, kanye nama-82% okuthengisa ngaphandle kwaseBelgium. EBelgium, cishe kunabasebenzi bezimboni abayishumi abakhiqiza izinhlobo eziyi-16 zamafrimu aqandisiwe noma amasha, kanye nezitshalo ezintathu zokukhiqiza ama-chips noma amazambane atholakala ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe. Yize imininingwane yokuhlinzeka ngalezi zitshalo yonyaka ka-2023 ingakatholakali, kuqinisekile ukuthi i-6.5-million-ton mark isidlulile. I-Netherlands ibuswe ngabakhiqizi abane bomlando: i-Avico, i-Lamb Weston, i-McCain, nama-French fries. Ngokucabangela opharetha abancane, kukhona cishe amabhizinisi angamashumi amabili, atholakala ikakhulukazi eningizimu yezwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Agristo, i-PepsiCo (ama-chips), namanye amabhizinisi amaningana (i-Peka, i-Schaap, i-Frespo) akhiqiza imikhiqizo emisha efana nama-French fries, izingcezu, nama-cubes.
INetherlands idla amathani amazambane angaba yizigidi ezi-4 ngonyaka (umthombo: i-VAVI-NAO), kodwa ngokusobala ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nalesi sidingo. Ngo-2023, izimboni zaseDashi zakhiqiza amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.8 okudla okuqandisiwe kanye namathani angama-354,000 weminye imikhiqizo. Eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, izinga lokukhula elijwayelekile ngonyaka ezidingweni zemboni yaseDashi lalingu-1.1%, kepha iCovid yadala ukwehla okukhulu ngo-2020 okungakaze kutholakale kusukela lapho. I-Netherlands iphethwe abakhiqizi abane bomlando: i-Avico, i-Lamb Weston, i-McCain, kanye nama-French fries avela epulazini. Ukwengeza kulawa ma-opharetha amakhulu, kunezinsiza ezincane ezingaba ngu-20 ezitholakala ikakhulukazi eningizimu yezwe. EJalimane, cishe ama-opharetha ayishumi nanhlanu asebenza ngezinga elikhulu, anezikhungo ezingaphezu kuka-3.86 ezweni lonke. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Agrarfrost, i-Wernsing, ne-Intersnack, phakathi kokunye. Izinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo eqediwe, hhayi ngempela eqandisiwe, ibanzi impela, kusukela kumafrimu aqandisiwe namafrieshi amasha aseFrance kuya kumazambane asemathinini namasaladi, kanye nemikhiqizo ehlutshiwe futhi eyisikiwe epakishwe ezikhwameni zevacuum, ama-chips, ukudla okulula, nokudla osekulungile. Imboni yaseJalimane idle amathani e-metric ayizigidi ezi-2022 ngo-1.2, futhi ibonise ukukhula okumaphakathi konyaka okungu-XNUMX% kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.
Ukululama ku-COVID-19 sekufinyelele ngaphezu kwamaphesenti amathathu ngonyaka, okulindeleke ukuthi kuholele ezidingweni eziphelele eziseduze namathani amamethrikhi ayizigidi ezine maduze nje. Ekugcineni, eFrance, uguquko lwezimboni ngokomlando beluphethwe uMcCain, onezinkampani ezinkulu ezi-3. Ukuvulwa kwakamuva kwemboni ye-Clareboot e-Dunkirk kuyintuthuko ebalulekile endaweni yebhizinisi enhlabathini yase-France, njengoba maduze kuzolandelwa ifekthri entsha ye-Ecofrost eduze kwase-Arras kanye ne-Agristo eduze kwaseCambrai. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwezitshalo ezi-2 ze-Alto e-Brittany naseningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe, imisebenzi eminingi yezimboni yenzeka e-Hauts-de-France nase-Grand Est. Lezi zifunda kulindeleke ukuthi zandise kakhulu izindawo zazo zokukhiqiza (kukhulunywa cishe ngamahektha angama-30,000 ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-5) ukuze kuhlinzekwe imigqa emisha yokukhiqiza okuthosiwe kwama-French. Ngesizini ka-2022/23, amafekthri aseFrance akhiqize amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.49 (umthombo: GIPT), akhiqiza amathani angama-691,00 emikhiqizo eqediwe, okuthi i-2/3 yawo ingukudla okuqandisiwe kanti u-13 % ama-chips. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-71% walo mkhiqizo uthunyelwa ngaphandle kwemingcele kazwelonke. Eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, izinga lokukhula elijwayelekile ngonyaka libe ngu-2.3%. Ngo-2021 nango-2022, ukululama ku-Covid kwakhula ngo-14%, kwathi ngo-2023, kwaba ngama-5.3%. Kulindeleke ukuthi, esikhathini esifushane, ukuvulwa kwezitshalo ezengeziwe kuzoholela ekwandeni kwevolumu ephelele yokuhlinzeka ngamathani ayizigidi ezi-2.
Ukuvulwa kwakamuva kwe-Clarebout e-Dunkirk kube intuthuko ebalulekile kwezamabhizinisi e-France, ikakhulukazi njengoba kuzolandelwa maduze i-Ecofrost entsha ngase-Arras, kanye ne-Agristo ngase-Cambrai. Nokho, imboni ayikathuthuki ngokugcwele. Isamba sokusebenza se-NEPG-4 njengamanje simi emathani ayizigidi eziyi-16 kuya kweziyi-17, kanti iBelgium ibalwa ngaphezu kwama-40% alokhu. Indawo yaseNetherlands ibonakala igcwele. E-Belgium, okunye ukuthuthuka kungenzeka endaweni ye-Ecofrost (Peruvelz), endaweni yase-Agristo (Welsbeck), kanye nase-Avico (Poperinge). Kodwa-ke, amazambane azodinga ukuthi ahlinzekwe ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu, ikakhulukazi eFrance kodwa naseRhineland yaseJalimane. Njengoba indawo yamazambane eBelgium mancane amathuba okuthi idlule amahektha ayi-100,000 ngaphansi kwengozi yokusebenzisa ngokushintshanisa izitshalo okufushane kakhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa namahektha angama-90,000 kuye kwangama-95,000 eminyakeni yamuva.