Awukwazi ukusebenzisa okwenzeka ngenhla komhlaba njengomhlahlandlela walokho okwenzeka ngezansi, ngokusho kocwaningo olusha lwama-desiccants angamanye.
Okutholakele okubalulekile kulo msebenzi ukuthi izinga lokuqothuka kwamahlamvu alihambelani kahle nelesikhumba, isihluthulelo sokuvuna ngaphandle kokulimala. Ukutholwa kwakuphakathi kokutholwe okubalulekile kwephrojekthi ehlola ama-desiccants angcono kakhulu okumele asetshenziswe, eyenziwa yi-NIAB CUF egameni le-AHDB. Ucwaningo lugxile ezimeni 'okunzima ukuzimisa' njengezinhlobo ezingapheli kanye nezitshalo zembewu.
The Umbiko wokugcina futhi yenza izincomo ezisebenzayo zokusebenzisa i-protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors, i-Gozai ne-Spotlight Plus, futhi yahlola ukusebenza kwe-Saltex, okwamanje engenayo imvume evela ku-Chemical Regulations Directorate (CRD).
Izeluleko ezisebenzayo zabalimi isifinyezo esivela kuphrojekthi
- Uma usebenzisa ama-PPO inhibitors, hlose ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza ekuseni kakhulu kuya maphakathi no-ekuseni
- Khomba ukumisa ukuchelela ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ngaphambi kokususwa kwe-deiccation
- Isheduli yokuvuna idinga ukucabangela ukubambezeleka kwesikhumba sezinsuku ezingu-2-4 (uma kuqhathaniswa ne-diquat) uma usebenzisa i-Gozai ne-Spotlight Plus.
- Bulala wonke amaqabunga futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukukhula kabusha ukuze ulawule ukubola kanye nokutheleleka ngegciwane ezitshalweni zembewu.
Ukuqedwa kwamaqabunga
I-Reglone (i-diquat) yayiyikhemikhali esusa amahlamvu esebenza kakhulu, nakuba kwezinye iziza i-Saltex ye-brine solution yayishesha ngokulinganayo ekwehliseni ikhava yomhlabathi. I-Saltex yayincike kakhulu esimweni somoya ngokushesha ngemva kokufuthwa kune-Reglone. Isebenza kakhulu ekushiseni kwelanga.
Ezivivinyweni ezibheka i-Spotlight ne-Gozai, awukho umehluko otholakele ezingeni lokufa kwe-canopy. Nokho zombili zazihamba kancane ngezinsuku ezi-2 kuya kwezi-4 kune-Reglone futhi zazihamba kancane ngezinsuku ezingu-7 kune-Reglone esivivinyweni esibheka isilimo sembewu sase-Scottish.
Ukwelashwa okunensa kakhulu kwakuyi-Finalsan, eyashiya ikhava yomhlabathi efinyelela ku-67 % ezinsukwini eziyi-14 ngemva kokufafaza kokuqala. Amanye ama-desiccants amakhemikhali ayebulale iningi lendawo yamaqabunga ngaleli phuzu.
I-Skinset
Kwakungekho mehluko obalulekile obonwe ku-skinset emasontweni amathathu ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuqala ngaphakathi kokuhlolwa ngakunye okubheka i-Spotlight ne-Gozai, i-Reglone, i-Saltext, i-flail noma idonsa.
Lapho idatha ilinganiselwa kuzo zonke izivivinyo abacwaningi bathola inzuzo encane ekufinyeleleni i-skillet usebenzisa i-Reglone, izindlela zomshini kanye ne-Saltex uma kuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa nge-PPO inhibitors kanye ne-Finalsan, nokho umehluko wawumncane ezinsukwini ezingu-2-4.
Abacwaningi baqaphele ukuthi i-skillet yayihlala ihlobana nokufa kweqabunga. Kokunye ukuhlola, zonke iziza zokuhlola zazinezinga elifanayo le-skiset (elibi) emasontweni ama-2 ngemva kokwelashwa kokuqala, okuhlanganisa izitshalo ezingashiyiwe ezakha iqembu lokulawula. Ngemva kwesonto, zonke izindlela zokwelapha ezisusiwe - ngaphandle kokulawula - zaziphakathi noma phakathi nosuku olungu-1 lwe-skiset.
Inhloko ye-NIAB CUF uDkt Mark Stalham, obehola ucwaningo, uthe: “Okukhombisayo lokhu ukuthi isikhumba sincike ezintweni eziningi, hhayi nje ukufa kwe-canopy.
"Sithole ukuthi endabeni yohlobo olulodwa, naphezu kokulahlekelwa ngokushesha kwekhava yamaqabunga, ukususwa kweziqu okubambezele ukusethwa kwesikhumba."
“Okukhombisayo lokhu ukuthi i-skinset incike ezintweni eziningi, hhayi nje ukufa kwe-canopy. Sithole ukuthi endabeni yohlobo olulodwa, naphezu kokulahlekelwa ngokushesha kwekhava yamaqabunga, ukususwa kweziqu okubambezele ukusethwa kwesikhumba.” UDkt Mark Stalham, i-NIAB CUF
ucwaningo wathola ukuthi indlela defoliation, amakhemikhali noma isikhathi kwaba nomthelela omncane ensundu kwemithambo, stem-end necrosis, stolon adhesion noma izifo ezibolayo noma isikhumba blemishing, kungaba ngaphambi noma ngemva kokugcinwa. Ngokufanayo, akukho miphumela evela ekucekeleni phansi kwamakhemikhali noma ngomshini ezifweni ezibolayo noma ezilimaza indawo, kungaba ngesikhathi sokuvuna noma ngemva kokugcinwa.
Isiqondiso esiwusizo
Mayelana nesiqondiso esisebenzayo, umbiko uncoma ukuthi kusetshenziswe ama-PPO inhibitors kusenesikhathi kuze kube phakathi nasekuseni ukuze kunikezwe ikhemikhali isikhathi esiphezulu sokubulala amaseli. Isikhathi se-Spotlight ne-Gozai singabaluleka kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenkathi kupholile.
Ezinye izincomo zibandakanya ukumisa ukuchelela ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ngaphambi kokususwa kwesikhumba njengoba izikhumba zifakwa ngokushesha emhlabathini owomile. Isikhathi sokunisela kokugcina ngaphambi kokususwa kwe-desiccation (ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni zamasaladi), kungathonya i-skirtset. Amashejuli okuvuna nawo adinga ukucabangela ukubambezeleka kwezinsuku ezi-2-4 kusethi yesikhumba uma usebenzisa ama-PPO uma kuqhathaniswa ne-diquat.
Kanye nama-desiccant amakhemikhali, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngezinketho zemishini: kokubili 'ukuvutha', kusetshenziswa ama-flails afakwe ugandaganda, kanye ne-haulm puller eyenziwe ngesandla, esetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kwezitshalo zembewu. Zombili izindlela ziholele ekususweni kwe-canopy ngokushesha, kube nokuhluka okuthile kobude besiqu.
Izindlela zemishini ziphinde zivimbele 'i-passive bulking', lapho i-tuber iqhubeka nokukhula naphezu kokwelashwa kokuqala nge-desiccant. Izinhlolo azange zinikeze ubufakazi bomehluko omkhulu ekwakhiweni kwenqwaba phakathi kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.
I-Desiccation incike kokuningi kunama-desiccants
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi u-2019 unikeze izimo ezivumayo ukuvuthwa ngenxa yokutshala kusenesikhathi kanye nezimo ezinhle entwasahlobo, okusho ukuthi isilimo sakwazi ukuqala kahle. I-Skinset ingase ihambe kancane onyakeni olandelayo, kube nomehluko omkhulu phakathi kokwelashwa.
Umsebenzi wangaphambilini oxhaswe yi-AHDB yi-NIAB CUF uphakamise ukuthi ukwehlisa izinga le-nitrogen kungenza i-desiccation ibe lula. UDkt Stalham uzoqhuba ezinye izivivinyo kulo nyaka ukuze akhe indlela esheshayo, elinganiselayo, yokuhlola isethi yesikhumba emsebenzini.
I-AHDB izosingatha ama-webinars ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kulo nyaka ebheka izicelo zokucekelwa phansi kwe-in-field haulm ngomhlaka-19 Agasti, kulandelwa enye emiphumeleni yokucekelwa phansi kwe-in-field haulm ngomhlaka-16 Septhemba.