#PotatoProduction #IrrigationManagement #SoilMoisture #WaterQuality #CropHealth #SoilborneDiseases #YieldOptimization
Ukunisela kuwumkhuba obalulekile ekukhiqizeni amazambane ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zase-Australia. Ukuze uthole ukukhula okuhle kanye nesivuno, kubalulekile ukunikeza izimo zomswakama ezifanayo kuyo yonke insimu ngesikhathi sokutshala, ukukhula, kanye nezigaba zokuvuna. Umswakama wenhlabathi onganele noma oweqile ungakhinyabeza ukukhula kwamazambane, kuthinte nezinombolo ze-tuber isitshalo ngasinye futhi kuholele ezinkingeni ezifana nokuqhekeka kokukhula kanye nenhliziyo engenalutho. Ukushintshashintsha ngokushesha emazingeni omswakama enhlabathini nakho kunomthelela ekuphazamisekeni kwe-tuber.
Ukuphatha umswakama wenhlabathi akubalulekile nje kuphela ekukhuleni kodwa nasekulawuleni izifo ezitholakala enhlabathini njengotwayi oluvamile, uqweqwe oluyimpuphu, ukubola okubomvana nokuvuza. Ukutholakala kwamanzi anele kusiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yalezi zifo, kuqinisekisa amazambane anempilo isitshalo.
Ingqikithi yezidingo zamanzi zamazambane ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezici ezifana nesifunda, izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane, isizini, imvula, kanye nezinga lokushisa. Imvamisa, izidingo zokuchelela zisukela ku-3 ML/ha ezindaweni ezipholile ezipholile ziye ku-9 ML/ha ezitshalweni zasehlobo ezifundeni ezinogwadule. Kubalulekile ukuthi abalimi baqonde izidingo ezithile zamanzi zesifunda sabo futhi balungise izindlela zabo zokunisela ngendlela efanele.
Nokho, akulona nje inani lamanzi elibalulekile; izinga lamanzi nalo lidlala indima ebalulekile. Wonke amanzi okunisela aqukethe izilinganiso ezihlukahlukene zama-ion, usawoti, kanye nemisoco, okunye okungaba yingozi ekukhiqizeni amazambane. I-carbonates, usawoti we-chloride, kanye nezakhi ezifana ne-iron, i-calcium, ne-sodium kungabangela ubuthi bezitshalo, kwandise inhlabathi pH, kulimaze ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, futhi kuholele ekuvinjweni kwemishini yokuchelela.
Izitshalo zamazambane zibonisa ukuzwela okumaphakathi emanzini okunisela anosawoti, kanti amahlamvu asengozini kakhulu. Ukulimala kwamahlamvu, okuvame ukubangelwa ukuchelela phezulu, kuvame ukuholela ekunciphiseni kokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuguquguquka kukagesi (EC) kwamanzi okunisela akudluli ku-1.1 dS/m (700 ppm) ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwesivuno. Amazinga e-EC aphansi asengadala umonakalo wamaqabunga, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezimo ezishisayo nezinomswakama ophansi.
Imiphumela yokungatholakali kwamanzi anele kanye nezinga eliphansi lamanzi kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhiqizeni amazambane. Ukunisela okunganele kungavimbela ukukhula futhi kuthinte ukukhula kwe-tuber, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwesivuno. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okunisela anamazinga aphezulu kasawoti ayingozi kanye nezakhi kungalimaza impilo yezitshalo, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, kanye nokukhiqiza okuphelele. Abalimi kumele babeke eqhulwini ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi kanye nekhwalithi ukuze baqinisekise ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane ngempumelelo.
Ngokuqonda ukubaluleka kokuphatha umswakama womhlabathi, ukunciphisa izifo ezitholakala emhlabathini, kanye nokulungisa amazinga okusetshenziswa kwamanzi, abalimi bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa impilo yezitshalo, bakhulise isivuno, futhi banciphise ingozi yokulahlekelwa ngenxa yezinkinga eziphathelene namanzi.
Umthombo: Umhlahlandlela Wokukhulisa Amazambane ase-Australia