Ama-Spuds asindile, kubhala uScott Elliot, Uchwepheshe Wezindaba Zomphakathi eHhovisi Lezokuxhumana le-ARS le-USDA. kule ndaba yezindaba. Uthi izilimo eziyizigaxa sezilwisane nezifo ezehlukene iminyaka elinganiselwa ku-10,000 XNUMX, kanye nesimo sezulu esingalindelekile esingadala umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni ngenxa yesithwathwane.
Kodwa manje, ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe lososayensi selidale uhlobo olusha lwamazambane olumelana nesithwathwa, okwenza lesi sitshalo siqine nakakhulu. Yinto enhle leyo, ngoba amazambane asephenduke ukudla kwesithathu okudliwa kakhulu emhlabeni, ngemuva kwelayisi nokolweni kuphela.
Abacwaningi be-ARS nabalingani babo abavela ePeru kanye noMnyango weNyuvesi yaseWisconsin-Madison we Ezolimo wachitha iminyaka eminingana ehlola izinhlobo zamazambane ezivela e- US Potato Genebank (USPG) yokubekezelela isithwathwa, ekugcineni ukhetha I-Solanum acaule futhi I-Solanum commersonii, womabili amazambane asendle azalelwa eNingizimu Melika, ngoba ayebonisa ikhono elikhulu lokubekezelela isithwathwa. Ithimba lahlanganisa lezi zinhlobo ezimbili laphinde lahlola okuxubile, lakhetha abazali abathile bobabili abamelana nesithwathwa esisheshayo futhi bahlakulela ukubekezelela isithwathwa esibanda kakhulu.
Ngokuvumelana ne John Bamberg, umholi wephrojekthi ye-USPG kanye nesazi sofuzo kwa-ARS Ucwaningo lwezitshalo zemifino iyunithi eMadison, WI, ngaphambi kokukhethwa kokugcina, ama-cultivar ahlolwe kanzima ukuze kutholwe ukubekezelela kwawo emakhazeni. Ithimba lisebenzise inhlanganisela yesithwathwa semvelo, isiqandisi sasendlini esilungisiwe esisethwe ukuze silingise isithwathwa semvelo ngobusuku obubodwa, kanye nokuhlolwa kwelebhu okunembile ukuze kukale ukuthi ulwelwesi lwamaseli lonakaliswe kangakanani.
“Njengakho konke ukuzalanisa amazambane, kuthathe iminyaka yokuhlolwa nokukhetha phakathi kwezinkulungwane zenzalo ukukhetha eyodwa efanele ukuba inzalo entsha,” kusho u-Bamberg. Baqamba leyo cultivar eyodwa “Wiñay. "
Ozakwethu bocwaningo basePeru base behlola i-Wiñay ezweni labo. Batshale amazambane ezifundeni eziningi ngezikhathi zonyaka eziningi futhi bahlola ukusabela komlimi kanye nabathengi. I-Wiñay ibonise isivuno esihle, ukuqina kwesithwathwa, nokwamukela umlimi nabathengi.
Ngabe lizoba khona ithuba lokuthi i-spud entsha igxile e-United States?
U-Bamberg waphawula ukuthi umonakalo wesithwathwa ungenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukene, nangezikhathi ezihlukene, kulo lonke elaseMelika. Ngo-2019, abalimi bamazambane empumalanga ye-Idaho kuphela balahlekelwa cishe ama-30% esivuno sabo ngenxa yokulimala kwesithwathwa esingenasizini. Amazinga okushisa abandayo angonakalisa ikhwalithi yezambane ngokwalo - hhayi nje ukubulala amaqabunga - enze amazambane akhiqize ama-chips ampofu kanye namafrimu noma ahlume kabi njengembewu yesitshalo esilandelayo."
Lolu cwaningo lubonisa izinzuzo zokulondolozwa kwe-germplasm yesikhathi eside, ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, nokwabelana, kusho u-Bamberg. “Inzuzo esobala kakhulu kwaba yiPeru ngesikhathi esifushane, kodwa lokho okufundiwe kuzoba nokusebenza okubanzi. Umsebenzi owenziwe e-US Potato Genebank ubuyisela izinzuzo hhayi e-United States kuphela, kodwa nasemazweni okungamakhaya omdabu alezi zilwane zasendle.”
Abalingani bocwaningo be-ARS kwakunguJiwan Palta kanye no-Alfonso del Rio abavela eMnyangweni Wezolimo weNyuvesi yaseWisconsin-Madison; UWilliam Roca, u-Alberto Salas, noRene Gomez basePeru's International Potato Centre; kanye noJesu Arcos ovela ku-Instituto Nacional de Innovacion Agraria e-Puno.