Ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kufanele kwehliswe. I-EU izibekele umgomo wokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngo-50% ngo-2030. Ngakho-ke, ukugxila okuqinile ekulawuleni ukhula okudidiyelwe kufanele kugcinwe eminyakeni ezayo. Uma kukhulunywa ngokhula, bekugxilwe kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwezibulala-zinambuzane, ukushintshwa noma ukuhambisana nokwelashwa kwemishini ensimini.
Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, iphrojekthi ye-Horizon 2020 i-IWMPraise—Integrated Weed Management: PRActical Implementation and Solutions for Europe yenze inani elikhulu lezivivinyo kumaqhinga anhlobonhlobo angaba nomthelela ekuhlanganisweni. ukuphathwa kokhula. Lokhu kwenziwe ngokubambisana phakathi kwabacwaningi, abeluleki bezolimo kanye nabakhiqizi be ukhula ukulawula imishini.
“Kunesidingo sokushintshwa kwepharadigm ekulawuleni ukhula. Isikhathi eside kakhulu, kugxilwe ekwelashweni okukodwa phakathi nenkathi yokukhula eyodwa. Kunesidingo somqondo obanzi, lapho sigxila emiphumeleni yesikhathi eside futhi ngaleyo ndlela ezitshalweni eziningi kanye nezinhlobo zokhula ngesikhathi. Yilokhu ebesisebenza kukho kwi-IWMPraise iminyaka eyisithupha edlule. Asigcinanga ngokuhlola izindlela eziningi ezingasisiza ukuthi sihambe ngendlela efanele. Siphinde sakha ithuluzi eliphathekayo nelisebenziseka kalula elingasiza abalimi nabeluleki bahlele ukulawulwa kokhula futhi bahlanganise nezinye izindlela ezingavimbela izinkinga zokhula, zisebenzise ukulawula okungasebenzisi amakhemikhali kanye nokunciphisa ukuchithwa kwembewu kanye nokwakheka kokhula. idamu lembewu enhlabathini,” kusho uSolwazi Per Kudsk ovela eMnyangweni Wezolimo Nezolimo, obedidiyela iphrojekthi ye-IWMPraise.
Ithuluzi eliwusizo abalimi kanye nabeluleki
Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwemithi yokubulala ukhula kusho ukuthi izitshalo ezifanayo zingatshalwa njalo ngaphandle kokuvela kokhula olwengeziwe ensimini. Ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula kwezolimo, ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo bekufanele kuhluke, njengoba lena kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokugwema ukuphindaphindeka kwezinhlobo ezithile zokhula.
Ukuncipha kwezinhlobonhlobo ekujikelezweni kwezitshalo kuholele ekubuseni kwezinhlobo zokhula ezimbalwa, kodwa ezivame ukuba yinkinga, okubuye kwenyuse ukuncika ekutholakaleni okulinganiselwe manje kwemithi yokubulala ukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kokumelana nemithi yokubulala ukhula kukhulisa isidingo sokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokulawula ukhula.
Imiphumela engemihle yokusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula inganqandwa ngokulawulwa kokhula okuhlukahlukene okusekelwe ekushintsheni okuqaphelayo kwamasu okuphatha. Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, lokhu kuzodinga amasu esikhathi eside angagxili kuphela emiphumeleni yenkathi elandelayo yokukhula.
“Ukulawulwa kokhula okudidiyelwe akukenziwa ezindaweni eziningi, futhi abekho amathuluzi ahlakaniphile okusiza abalimi. Ukusuka ekusebenziseni izibulala-khula kuya ezixazululweni ezididiyelwe kunzima. Kudinga umsebenzi othe xaxa nolwazi, futhi kungaba nzima ukwakha isu elilungile uwedwa. Ngakho-ke sidale ithuluzi elisebenziseka kalula elisiza abalimi ukuthi baklame futhi basebenzise amasu e-IWM,” kusho uMeluleki Omkhulu uMette Sønderskov ovela eMnyangweni Wezolimo Nezolimo.
Ithuluzi le-IWM, eyakhiwe yi-Wageningen University and Research, isekelwe emiqondweni evela kuphrojekthi ye-IWMPRAISE. Ihlanganisa ulwazi olukhona ngezindlela ezahlukene kanye namathuluzi atholakalayo okulawula ukhula okudidiyelwe. Ithuluzi lenzelwe ukusiza abalimi kanye nabeluleki ukuthi bahlukanise amasu okulawula ukhula ukuze afanele izidingo zabo ezithile.
Mahhala futhi kulula ukufinyelela
Ithuluzi le-IWM kulula kakhulu ukulisebenzisa. Ithuluzi lakhelwe phezu kwesisekelo sesayensi, njengoba kuchazwe encwadini yesayensi ku I-European Journal of Agronomy.
Isisekelo sethuluzi siqukethe izinsika ezinhlanu:
- Zihlukahlukene amasistimu wokunqampuna
- Ukukhetha nokusungulwa kwe-cultivar
- Ukuphathwa kwensimu nomhlabathi
- Ukulawula okuqondile
- Ukuqapha kanye nokuhlola
Njengomsebenzisi, ungakhetha uhlobo lwesitshalo onaso ensimini yakho, uhlobo lokhula ofuna ukululawula, futhi uzothola isifinyezo sezindlela eziningi ezahlukene ezinsikeni ezinhlanu ezilawula ukhula ezigabeni ezihlukene zokhula lwazo. umjikelezo wokuphila. Indlela ngayinye ichazwa ngokuningiliziwe ukuze kube lula ukuyiqonda futhi isetshenziswe ngokuqondile esikalini sepulazi.
“Kuyithuluzi lapho ukhetha ngokuyisisekelo ukuthi yini othanda ukwazi kabanzi ngayo, bese uthola iziphakamiso zesixazululo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu esingasebenza sibe yisu lokulawula ukhula. Kulula futhi kuqondile, futhi kumahhala ukukusebenzisa,” kusho uMette Sønderskov, ochaza ukuthi abacwaningi abavela e-Wageningen University and Research bahlole ukusebenziseka kwethuluzi eqenjini elincane labasebenzisi bokugcina lapho ithuluzi lakhiwa, nokuthi iqembu. wayejabule ngethuluzi.
Gxumela endaweni yonke ye-IWM
Ithuluzi le-IWM akuwona kuphela umphumela wephrojekthi ye-IWMPraise. Ngenkathi Ithuluzi le-IWM lakhiwe ngezindlela esezivele zikhona, abacwaningi baphinde bakha inqwaba yamaSpredishithi Amathuluzi achaza izindlela ezikhona nezintsha. Indlela ngayinye ineshidi layo, lapho indlela ichazwa ngokuningiliziwe futhi ihlolwe ngokuthi kulula kangakanani ukuyisebenzisa, nokuthi iphumelela kangakanani. Wonke amashidi ayatholakala kuphrojekthi iwebhusayithi.
Kodwa-ke, ukubuka konke okugcwele kokuhlolwa okwenziwe kutholakala kuphela, uma ungena kokune izincwajanayephrojekthi ye-IWMPraise. Lezi zincwajana zichaza izivivinyo ezenziwa emazweni ayisikhombisa asebenzisana nalo msebenzi kanye nemiphumela yawo. Kulezi zivivinyo, ababambisene bephrojekthi abangama-37 banikele ngolwazi, amathuluzi nokusebenza ngendlela ebonakalayo.
Ukubambisana phakathi kwalo lonke uchungechunge lwababambe iqhaza kusukela kubalimi, abakhiqizi bemishini nabakhiqizi bembewu kuya kubaluleki nabacwaningi kukhombisa umqondo wabalingisi abaningi ukuthi iphrojekthi yakhelwe nxazonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le phrojekthi iye yaphumela ekushicilelweni okuningi kwesayensi kanye nokusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, manje okuqhutshelwa phambili kumaphrojekthi amasha ekulawuleni izinambuzane ezididiyelwe.
Ukulawulwa kokhula okudidiyelwe kwezinhlelo zokutshala ezisimeme
“Ngesikhathi iphrojekthi iqala ngo-2017, inhloso kwakuwukufaka isandla ekuvikeleni izitshalo ezisimeme e-Europe, besifuna ukusiza ukubeka ukulawulwa kokhula okudidiyelwe endaweni engcono. Lokhu sikuzuzile eminyakeni eyisithupha yalo msebenzi. Ucwaningo lwethu lukhombisa ukuthi ukulawulwa kokhula okudidiyelwe kungaba yingxenye yezinhlelo ezisimeme zokutshala. Izindlela esisebenze ngazo nesincomayo kuThuluzi lethu le-IWM zingasiza ukukhulisa ukuqina kwezinhlelo zokutshala ngaphandle kokufaka inzuzo noma ukunikezwa kokudla, ukudla kanye nama-biomaterials,” kusho uPer Kudsk, onethemba lokuthi abalimi nabeluleki bazosebenzisa ithuluzi lamahhala indlela yabo yokuhlela ukuze ukuphathwa kokhula okudidiyelwe kusakazeke kakhulu eYurophu esikhathini esizayo.
“Ngaphezu kwalokho, maningi amathuba okufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nokuphathwa kokhula okudidiyelwe ngokuvakashela isizindalwazi se-IWMPRAISE futhi ungene kwezinye zezincwadi zethu eziningi, izincwajana kanye namaphepha akhuthazayo namathuluzi,” kuphetha yena.