IMIPHUMELA YOCWANINGO LWEZINKUNDLA ZEDEMO ESITHEMBISAYO – Umkhakha Wezinto Eziphilayo UFUNA UKUSHINTSHA U-100% UYI-ROBUST VARIETIES
Izinhlobo zamazambane eziqinile ezitshalwe emasimini edemo angama-36 e-Flevoland zimelane kahle nonyaka we-Phytophthora, ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo eyethulwe namuhla emhlanganweni wabalimi Izinhlobonhlobo EziyiRobuste. Ngenxa yonyaka wemvula, isivuno samazambane sathinteka yisifo sokukhunta. Izinhlobo eziqinile zamelana nokutheleleka kahle, ngoba azizange zitheleleke noma zitheleleke kamuva, ngokusho kwemiphumela. Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobo zamazambane eziqinile zimelana ne-phytophthora, akudingeki ukuthi zifuthwe ngezibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali noma zokwenziwa. Njengomphumela wemiphumela, umkhakha wezinto eziphilayo ufuna ukushintshela ngokuphelele ezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane aqinile, ukuze unciphise umonakalo obangelwa ukhunta ngangokunokwenzeka.
Selokhu kwaqala isivumelwano samazambane esiqinile ngo-2018, kuye kwasungulwa izinkambu ezintathu zedemo minyaka yonke ukuze kuboniswe futhi kuqashwe izinhlobo eziqinile zebhayoloji. Kulo nyaka bekunezinhlobo ezingu-36 sezizonke emasimini aseDinteloord, Zeewolde naseKollumerwaard. Imiphumela ehlanganisiwe evela emikhakheni emithathu ikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi izinhlobo ezisengozini ziqala ukugula bese kuthi kamuva kube yizinhlobo ezimelana nobunye futhi ekugcineni kube nezinhlobo eziningi zokungezwani.
“Isithombe esijwayelekile esingasithola ocwaningweni ukuthi izinhlobo eziqinile ziyabambezela ukutheleleka. Lokho kungenza umehluko omkhulu kumlimi, uma kubhekwa ukulinganiselwa komonakalo esilimoni sakhe,” kusho uGeert Kessel, umcwaningi waseWageningen University & Research.
Ngo-2018, kwasayina amaqembu angama-28 isivumelwano "Ushintsho olusheshisiwe lwezinhlobo zamazambane eziqinile", iqalwe ngu-Bionext. Ngenxa yalokho, iNetherlands yaba izwe lokuqala ukuthatha izinyathelo ezinkulu ezinhlotsheni eziqinile. Amazwe asizungezile nawo ayaphenya ngokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezintsha. Khonamanjalo, iBelgium ne-United Kingdom nazo zisayine izivumelwano. Ngokuvumela amazwe amaningi ukuthi axhumane nezinhlobo eziqinile, abalimi bazoba nesiqiniseko esiningi mayelana nesivuno sezinhlobo eziqinile ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo eziqinile. Ngesikhathi se- Iviki le-Bioknowledge (10-14 January 2022), womabili amazwe azochaza isivumelwano sawo ( i-webinar ngoJanuwari 11 ).
- Abazala abakude bamazambane atshaliwe ingase ibe nesihluthulelo sokuvula imithombo emisha yokumelana nesifo se-tuber plant esibhubhisa kakhulu, ukubola sekwephuzile. Lelo yithemba lethimba lososayensi be-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), elenza izivivinyo zaselabhorethri lapho badalula amaqabunga ezinhlobo ezingama-72 zamazambane asendle ezinhlamvu ze-pathogen ebulalayo. Ama-infestans ama-Phytophthora—Isona lesi sigebengu esabangela iNdlala Yamazambane yase-Ireland ngawo-1840.
- Ukubola okuphuzile kusalokhu kuwusongo emhlabeni wonke namuhla hhayi kumazambane kuphela, kodwa nasezitshalweni zikatamatisi, okwenza imali elinganiselwa ku-$6.7 billion ngonyaka ekulahlekeni kwesivuno kanye nezindleko zokulawula. Ezinhlobonhlobo ezithintekayo, i-pathogen efana ne-fungus idala izilonda ezimnyama nezinye izimpawu zesifo ezibhubhisa ngokushesha amaqabunga esitshalo, isiqu, isithelo noma izilimo eziyizigaxa, kuphawulwe. UDennis Halterman, isazi sofuzo sezitshalo esine-ARS Iyunithi Yocwaningo Lwezitshalo Zemifino eMadison, eWisconsin.
- Lapho, uHalterman ugxile kofuzo “lomjaho wezingalo” izitshalo zamazambane ezihlanganyela kuwo nezifo eziwahlaselayo futhi ziwagulise, kuvame ukuphoqa abalimi ukuthi baziphindiselele ngokulawulwa kwamakhemikhali njenge-fungicide enganciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza nokukhathazeka ngokulimala kwemvelo.
- Ngokusebenzisana nososayensi we-ARS uShelley Jansky (othathe umhlalaphansi) kanye nozakwabo wocwaningo lwe-ARS UHari Karki, u-Halterman ubeke amehlo akhe ezihlotsheni eziqinile zamazambane atshalwa endle eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu, naseMexico, lapho ukubola okuphuzile kwaqala khona futhi kwavela kanye nesitshalo, ilungu lomndeni we-nightshade. “Nakuba izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zasendle zenza amazambane amancane ongeke uthande ukuwadla—empeleni angakugulisa kakhulu—ahlala endaweni engokwemvelo enokhahlo ngaphandle kukamanyolo, ukuniselwa ngenkasa noma izibulala-zinambuzane,” kuphawula uHalterman kuvidiyo yokufundisa ngemizamo yakhe.