Kuningi ekugcinweni kwesikhathi eside kwamazambane kunezicindezeli zehlumela. Lapha sihlola izinto ezinhlanu ezibalulekile.
1. Ukuhlanzeka kwesitolo
Ukuhlanzeka okuhle kwesitolo akudingi ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezibulala-magciwane, ezimweni eziningi ukuhlanzeka okuyisisekelo kuyokwanela. Ukushanela kungahlakaza uthuli, kodwa lapho phansi kumagebhugebhu khona noma kuqhekekile, ukushanela noma ukuwasha amandla (ngokulahlwa kwamanzi okufanele) kungcono.
“Kufanele kugxilwe ekukhipheni uthuli nokungcola okuningi ezitolo nasemishinini njengoba lokhu kuwukuthwala okuhle kakhulu kwamagciwane kanye nezinhlamvu zesikhunta. Abalimi bazokwazi ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ukuthi yiziphi izifo ezithinta izitshalo zabo ukuze basebenzise lolu lwazi ukuze baqondise izenzo zabo futhi bazi ukuthi yiliphi izinga lokuhlanza elidingekayo,” kusho uDkt Stuart Wale, umeluleki wamazambane nomcwaningi e-Scotland Rural College (SRUC).
“Ukusetshenziswa kokubulala amagciwane phansi kukakhonkolo akuvamile ukuthi kubonakale kuphumelela. Kodwa-ke, isitolo esijulile esihlanzekile esihlanganisa isibulala-magciwane, njengokufuthwa nge-peracetic acid noma ukusebenzisa i-ozone generator, kufanelekile ukucatshangelwa ngezikhathi ezithile,” uyanezela.
2. Ukupakishwa kwebhokisi
Ukupakishwa kahle kwamabhokisi kuyisisekelo sokuhamba komoya ngendlela efanele futhi kubalulekile ukwakha uhlelo olusekela ukungena komoya kahle. Lokhu kungaba lula njengokumaka isakhiwo phansi ukuze uqinisekise izikhala ezincane phakathi kwamabhokisi futhi azikho izithiyo ekugelezeni komoya.
"Uhlelo lokungena komoya oluhle oluhambisa umoya emazambaneni luqinisekisa ukunyakaza komoya okufanayo, nakuba ukungena komoya okungenamoya ngokudlula umoya ezindaweni zokuvula i-pallet nakho kungasebenza," kusho uDkt Wale.
Qinisekisa ukuthi amabhokisi anobude obufanayo asetshenziswa kukholamu ngayinye. Izitaki kufanele zibe ngobude obufanayo futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi kunendawo eyanele ngemuva kwesitolo, cishe u-1m, ukuze umoya uhlehle futhi udlule uhlehle eduze kwezikhala zephalethi. Izitolo ezigcwala kakhulu zivame ukukhawulela ukungena komoya okusebenzayo,” kwengeza uDkt Wale.
3. Ukuhamba komoya
Ukunyakaza komoya okungalungile kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwekhwalithi ngenxa yamazinga okushisa angalingani kanye nokufiphala. Kuphinde kwenyuse izindleko njengoba kusetshenziswa amandla engeziwe emzamweni wokugcina amazinga okushisa afanayo kulezo zindawo lapho ukugeleza komoya kungalungile, noma amabhokisi engapakishiwe kahle. “Ukungenisa umoya akukhona nje ukomisa amazambane uma engena esitolo, kodwa nokususa ukushisa kokuphefumula. Lapho amazambane enyakaziswa, ukuphefumula kuyakhuphuka futhi akhiphe ukushisa; uma lokhu kungalawulwa kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwezinga lokushisa futhi, ekugcineni, ukufiphala,” kusho uDkt Wale.
Umoya uzohlala uthatha indlela yokumelana okuncane, ngakho-ke lapho amabhokisi engapakishiwe kahle khona umoya uzokwazi ukusebenzisa izikhala ukuze ubuyele endaweni yokukhipha umoya ngaphandle kokudlula noma phezu kwamazambane. "Ukusetshenziswa kwe-plenum noma ikhethini lokuhlukanisa umoya kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuhamba kancane futhi uqinisekise ukuthi umoya usetshenziswa ngendlela engcono kakhulu ezitolo ezithengisa izinto eziphezulu", kweluleka u-Adrian Cunnington, inhloko yocwaningo lokugcina izitshalo e-AHDB Sutton Bridge.
The Umhlahlandlela wabaphathi besitolo se-AHDB iwumthombo omuhle wolwazi walabo abahlose ukuthuthukisa umoya wokungenisa umoya ezitolo zabo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izitolo zivalwe kahle ngeke nje zisekele ukunyakaza komoya okuphumelelayo kodwa zisekele ukusebenza kwezinye izicindezeli zehlumela njenge-ethylene noma uwoyela we-mint.
“Lezi zinto eziguquguqukayo zidinga ukujikeleza komoya okuhle esitolo ukuze zisakazwe kahle ngesitshalo, kodwa ukuvuza komoya esakhiweni kuyakhathaza. Ngosuku olunomoya akuvamile ukubona ukushintsha komoya okubili kuya kwezine ngehora esitolo esinganakekelwa kahle okungenza izindleko zokugcoba i-ethylene noma uwoyela weminti zibize,” kusho uMnu Cunnington.
“Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlola ukuthi isitolo siqinile kangakanani wukuma ngaphakathi, ucime amalambu bese ubona ukuthi ukukhanya kungena kuphi. Ngike ngabona izikhathi lapho izikhala zifinyelela cishe kuma-square metres amathathu, okulingana nokushiya umnyango. vula. Kulezi zimo, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukugcina amakhemikhali abizayo,” uyanezela.
4. Okokudla esitolo
Ukuphakamisa amazambane akuvamile ukuqedwa ngaphansi kwezimo eziqhubekayo futhi ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama phakathi kwezitshalo ezivunwayo kungaholela ekujikeni futhi ekugcineni ukubola okuthambile.
“Amasonto amabili okuqala okugcina abalulekile. Kuhlale kufanelekile ukuqapha amazinga okushisa amazambane njengoba ehamba esitolo uma izinkinga zokufingqa kufanele zigwenywe. Inqobo nje uma isivuno esizothengwa sisondelene namazinga okushisa akhona kakade izinkinga zivame ukuba zincane,” kusho uDkt Wale. “Kungasiza ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa esitolo ngezinga elithile noma ngaphansi kwe-ambient ukusiza ukupholisa amazambane ezitshalo angena esitolo,” uyanezela.
Isethi yesikhumba ibalulekile ekugcineni a umgoqo ngokumelene nezifo, kodwa futhi ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa umswakama. Lokhu kubalulekile ekusekeleni ukugcinwa isikhathi eside kwesitshalo, ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobonhlobo zokucubungula, lapho kungenzeka khona ukusuka ekuncipheni kwesisindo esingu-5-6% kuya ngaphezu kuka-10% uma isikhumba sisethwe ngaphansi kokulungile.
Kukhona, nokho, ububanzi bokunciphisa amazinga okushisa ukuze kusekelwe ukugcinwa kanye nokucindezela ukuhluma nakuba lokhu kuncike kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo ezigcinwayo. Emakethe entsha lena akuyona inkinga kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu ekucubunguleni amazambane lapho izinga lokushisa eliphansi lingashukumisa ukunqwabelana kokunciphisa ushukela okuholela emibaleni yokuthosa emnyama kuma-chips noma ama-crisps.
“Siyazi ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo, njengeLady Claire neRoyal futhi ngokwezinga elincane i-Agria, zizobekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi kanti ezinye ezinjengeTaurus azikubekezeleli kangako, ngakho nakuba ububanzi bukhona, bulinganiselwe okwamanje. Ngokucubungula amazambane, kubalulekile futhi ukwehlisa amazinga okushisa ngezinga elilawulwayo kuyilapho ngezinhlobo zasemakethe ezintsha kungancishiswa kakhulu ukuze kulawuleke izifo ezilimazayo,” kusho uMnu Cunnington.
Ukushisa kwe-Tuber nakho kuwumsebenzi wokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphola kwezilonda.
“Uma amazinga okushisa eshisa lapho ephuza amanxeba azophola ngokushesha. Emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-10oC ukwelapha okuyinhloko kuyashesha, ngokuvamile izinsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa ngaphansi kuka-10oC ukwelapha okuyisisekelo kungathatha izinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyi-14,” kusho uDkt Wale. Umhlahlandlela wabaphathi besitolo se-AHDB uqukethe ishadi elinemininingwane yokuthi izinga lokushisa likuthonya kanjani ukwelapha.
5. Izifo ze-Tuber
“Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ingakanani inhlabathi ekhona ebhokisini noma kukhona ukubola okukhona. Ngethemba ukuthi lezi zizobe sezidingidwe kumvuni, kodwa uma zingena esitolo kuzokhokha ukwazi ukuthi kuliphi izinga. Ingabe ilinganiselwe noma kukhona okumele ukhathazeke ngakho? uma kukhona ukubola okuningi kuzodinga ukuthi isitokwe sigadwe kaningi noma sibekwe ohlangothini olulodwa ukuze sihlanzwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi,” kusho uDkt Wale.
Ukuthi bawufake noma bangawusebenzisi umuthi wokubulala isikhunta ngesikhathi bewudla kuzoba yisinqumo abalimi abanezitshalo zembewu abazozindla ngayo. “Uma unenkinga ye-silver scurf eqhubekayo kungase kube ukuthi ukwelashwa kwesikhunta kuyadingeka ukuze kulondolozwe izinga. Ngokufanayo, kunezinhlobo ezingenwa kalula yizifo ikakhulukazi ezigcina imfuyo njenge-King Edward kanye ne-skin spot, lapho ama-fungicides cishe esetshenziswa njalo,” kusho uDkt Wale.
Izifo ezifana nokubola okomile, i-gangrene, i-silver scurf kanye nebala lesikhumba zingakhula ngesikhathi sokugcinwa okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezigaba ekuthululeni. Ukulawula laba balimi bangasebenzisa i-Gavel (imazalil) noma i-Storite Excel (thiabendazole) nakuba kukhona ukucatshangelwa kokumelana okuzothonya ukuthi yimuphi umkhiqizo okufanele usetshenziswe.
“I-Thiabendazole isibulala-sikhunta se-benzimidazole esinikeza umsebenzi wesistimu, wokwelapha nokuvikela. Inkinga nge-Storite Excel iphakama ngezinhlobo ezibekezelela i-benzimidazole ze-silver scurf kanye nebala lesikhumba ezivamile kulo lonke elase-UK kanye nezinhlobo ezimelana nokubola okomile kuye kwabikwa. Zimbalwa izinkinga zokumelana ne-imazalil,” kusho uDkt Wale.
“Inkinga ngeblackleg yikuthi ibolisa i-tuber isuka ngaphakathi ngakho kanengi ayibonwa kuze kufike isivuno. Kuyisifo esisodwa sebhaktheriya okufanele sibhekwe kule sizini,” kusho uMnu Cunnington.