Tags: #PotatoProduction #AgriculturalOptimization #FoodProcessing #ChinaAgriculture #PotatoBasedProducts #EconomicImpact #SocialSignificance
Incazelo: I-athikili ibheka intuthuko nemiphumela yokukhiqizwa kwamazambane e-China, igxile ekwenziweni kahle kwesakhiwo sezolimo kanye nokwenyuka okulindelekile kwezindleko zezolimo. Idingida umthamo wamanje wokukhiqiza, amaphethini asetshenziswayo, kanye namasu kahulumeni okukhuthaza imikhiqizo yokudla esekelwe kumazambane. I-athikili iphinde igqamise impumelelo kanye nezinselelo kwezobuchwepheshe ekucutshungulweni kwamazambane kanye nokubaluleka kwezomnotho nezenhlalo kokwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo yokudla esekelwe kumazambane.
Ukukhiqizwa Kwamazambane kwaseShayina kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwesakhiwo Sezolimo
I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wamazambane, anomthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza odlula izidingo zokusetshenziswa. Ngo-2013, ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane emhlabeni wonke kwafinyelela kumathani angama-metric ayizigidi ezingama-376, kuwo i-China yaba ngamathani angama-metric ayizigidi ezingama-96, okuyenza ibe ngumkhiqizi ohamba phambili emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwamazambane kumuntu ngamunye e-China kungu-42 kg kuphela, kanti ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yawo ivela eChina uqobo. Ngokuphambene, eYurophu nase-United States, amazambane atshalwa ngokuyinhloko ukuze acutshungulwe, imikhiqizo ecutshunguliwe ibala cishe u-70% wevolumu ephelele yokukhiqiza. I-China isadla kakhulu amazambane amasha, imikhiqizo egayiwe engaphansi kuka-10% wesamba esikhiqiziwe.
Isu Lentuthuko kanye Nezinzuzo Zezempilo
Ngo-2015, i-China yaqala isu lokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo emikhulu yamazambane, ihlose ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa komphakathi kwemikhiqizo yokudla okunomsoco nenempilo esekelwe kumazambane ngenkathi ikhulisa imakethe ngenkuthalo. UZhang Hong, uchwepheshe kulo mkhakha, ugcizelele ukuthi amazambane awukudla okuphelele nemifino, okunothe ngemisoco, ama-kilojoule aphansi, namaprotheni asezingeni eliphezulu. Lokhu kugxilwa kwamasu kunomthelela ekwandiseni izakhiwo zezitshalo zezolimo, ukubhekana nezingqinamba zezinsiza kanye nezemvelo, okuholela ekulimaleni kwesimanjemanje, ukuguqula amaphethini okukhula kwezolimo, kanye nokusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimo zesimanje zezolimo. Ikhuthaza ukudidiyelwa kwezici ezahlukene zezolimo.
Ukuthuthuka Kwezobuchwepheshe kanye Nezinselele Zokucubungula
Imboni yokudla okusekelwe kumazambane e-China ibhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu, okuhlanganisa ukuntuleka kwesiteshi esihlangene sokusetshenziswa, ukushoda kwemikhiqizo yokudla, isivinini sokucubungula kancane, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphansi komuntu ngamunye. Kodwa-ke, uZhang Hong ukholelwa ukuthi ukuqanjwa kwezobuchwepheshe ekucubunguleni izinto zokusebenza kanye nobuchwepheshe bemikhiqizo yokudla esekwe kumazambane kunganqoba lezi zinselele futhi kubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuguqukeni kwezimboni kanye nesimanje. Izikhungo eziningana zocwaningo kanye namabhizinisi sezivele zenze izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngamazambane, okuhlanganisa ama-noodle amazambane, irayisi, amakhekhe, namakhekhe enyanga. Imishini edidiyelwe ye-bionic rolling kanye nemigqa yokukhiqiza yezimboni iye yasungulwa ukuze kusekelwe ukucutshungulwa kwale mikhiqizo.
Umthelela Wezomnotho Nezenhlalakahle
Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yokudla okusekelwe kumazambane kunokubaluleka okubalulekile kwezomnotho nezenhlalo, okunamathemba athembisayo. Ngokohlelo loMnyango Wezolimo, inani lokukhiqizwa kwamazambane eChina lafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-130 ngonyaka ka-2020, lapho ama-30% awo asetshenziselwa ukucubungula imikhiqizo emikhulu yokudla. Ngo-2025, ukukhiqizwa kulindeleke ukuthi kwenyuke kufinyelele kumathani angama-metric ayizigidi ezingama-220, cishe amathani angama-metric ayizigidi eziyi-100 abekelwe ukucubungula imikhiqizo emikhulu yokudla. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungase kukhiqize inani elengeziwe elingaphezu kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-300. Ukwengeza, leli qhinga lihlomulisa abalimi, njengoba ukwenyuka kwama-yuan angu-300 ihektare ngalinye kumxhaso wokulinywa kwamazambane kulindeleke ukuthi kukhuphule inzuzo yabalimi ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-45.
Nakuba ikusasa liphethe amathemba abanzi, uZhang Hong uyavuma ukuthi izindleko eziphakeme zokucubungula imikhiqizo emikhulu yamazambane zihlala ziyinselele okufanele ixazululwe. Ugcizelela ukubaluleka kwemishini ethuthukisiwe yokucubungula kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, okuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni zemikhiqizo yokudla esekwe kumazambane eChina.