#PhysiologicalAge #PotatoCrops #YieldPotential #TuberSize #CropManagement #SeedSpacing #GrowingSeason #Farmers #Agriculture #Optimization
Ukuqonda isikhathi sokuphila kwembewu yamazambane kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuliseni isivuno sezitshalo kanye nosayizi we-tuber. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukubaluleka kweminyaka yobudala ezitshalweni zamazambane, umthelela wawo esikhathini sokukhula, kanye nemiphumela ewumphumela. Funda ukuthi izinhlobo zembewu ezincane nezindala ngokwasemzimbeni zifaneleka kanjani ezifundeni nezinkathi zonyaka ezihlukene, futhi uthole amathiphu asebenzayo okukhulisa isivuno kanye nosayizi we-tuber ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yokuphila.
Izitshalo zamazambane zithonywa kakhulu iminyaka yokuphila kwembewu esetshenziselwa ukutshala. Imbewu encane ngokwasemzimbeni inesikhathi eside sokukhula, enikeza amandla esivuno esiphezulu, kuyilapho imbewu enesikhathi esidala sokuphila iholela esikhathini sokukhula esifushane futhi inciphise amandla esivuno. Lobu budlelwano bugcizelela ukubaluleka kokukhetha izinhlobo zembewu ezifanele ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezifunwayo zokukhula.
Izifunda ezinenkathi ende yokukhula zifaneleka kahle imbewu encane ngokwasemzimbeni, njengoba isikhathi eside sivumela izitshalo ukuthi zifinyelele amandla azo aphelele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izifunda ezinenkathi emfushane yokukhula, ebonakala ngezinto ezifana nesithwathwa sangaphambi kwesikhathi, izehlakalo zegciwane, noma izimakethe zangaphambi kwesikhathi, ziyazuza ngokusebenzisa imbewu endala yemvelo.
Ukukhula kwamahlamvu nezilimo eziyizigaxa kusuka kumbewu encane nendala ngokwasemzimbeni kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2-1. Imbewu endala ithela isivuno sokuqala, kuyilapho imbewu encane ithela isivuno sekwephuzile. Lolu lwazi, olutholwe ku-Food and Agriculture Organization ye-United Nations (FAO) International System for Agricultural Science and Technology (AGRIS), lubonisa umthelela oqondile weminyaka ye-physiological ekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo.
Ngaphezu kwesikhathi sokukhula, iminyaka ye-physiological iphinde ibe nomthelela ekuvuneni kwezitshalo kanye nosayizi we-tuber ngenani leziqu endaweni ngayinye yendawo ye-paddock. Inani leziqu lincike ezicini eziningana ezithonywa ubudala bokuphila. Lokhu kufaka phakathi inani lamehlo ku-tuber ngayinye, inani lamahlumela ngeso ngalinye, kanye nenani leziqu ngehlumela ngalinye.
Ngenkathi inani lamehlo ku-tuber ngayinye linqunywa umlimi, ezinye izici ezimbili zithonywa iminyaka yokuphila. Imbewu endala ivame ukukhiqiza iziqu eziningi ngesiqephu sembewu ngayinye, okuholela ekuhlukeni kwenani nobukhulu bezilimo eziyizigaxa ezikhiqizwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda iminyaka yokuphila kwembewu kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuphathwa kwezitshalo kanye nokuzuza isivuno esihle kakhulu kanye nosayizi we-tuber emakethe eqondiwe.
Izinqubo zokuphatha izitshalo zingalungiswa ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yokuphila kwembewu ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiphumela. Uma kutshalwa imbewu endala ngokwempilo, ukwandisa ukuhlukaniswa kwembewu ekutshaleni kunganciphisa ingozi yokukhula kweziqu eziningi kakhulu ngehektha ngalinye. Lokhu kulungiswa kusiza ukugcina inani elifiswayo leziqu endaweni ngayinye, kuthonya isivuno nosayizi we-tuber.
Uma kubhekwa isikhathi sokuphila kwembewu yamazambane kunemiphumela efinyelela kude kubalimi bamazambane. Ngokukhetha uhlobo lwembewu olufanele ngokusekelwe enkathini yokukhula kanye nesifunda, abalimi bangakwazi ukukhulisa amandla abo esivuno futhi bakhulise usayizi we-tuber. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqonda iminyaka yokuphila kuvumela abalimi ukuthi balungise kahle izinqubo zabo zokuphatha izitshalo, njengokuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo, ukuze bathole umphumela abawufisayo.
Isivuno sezitshalo sithonywa yizici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukunemba kwezitshalo, ukuvunda kwenhlabathi, izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lapho kutshalwa/kuqalwa isigaxa, kanye nezigameko zezifo. Lezi zici kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokuhambisana nobudala bokuphila ukuze kuqinisekiswe isivuno esiyimpumelelo.
Ithebula 2-2 likhombisa imiphumela yokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlamvu zembewu enanini leziqu ngehektha ngalinye ezincekwini zembewu yesisindo esihlukene neminyaka yokuphila. Ngokulungisa ukuhlukaniswa kwembewu, abalimi bangakwazi ukugcina inani elilinganayo leziqu ngehektha ngalinye, kungakhathaliseki ubudala bokuphila bezinhlamvu zembewu.
Ithebula 2-2: Umphumela wosayizi wesiqephu sembewu kanye nobudala bokuphila enanini leziqu egqumeni ngalinye kanye nehekitha ngalinye elinezikhala ezine zezitshalo. | ||||||
Izikhala phakathi | Seed tonne/ Ha | Iziqu/ igquma | Iziqu/ Ha | |||
I-2 oz | (I-56.7 g) | I-9 ku | (Amasentimitha ayi-22.86) | 3.01 | 3.1 | 148,303 |
2 oz ubudala | (I-56.7 g) | I-12 ku | (Amasentimitha ayi-30.48) | 2.26 | 4.1 | 147,107 |
I-3 oz | (I-84.01 g) | I-12 ku | (Amasentimitha ayi-30.48) | 3.39 | 3.9 | 139,931 |
3 oz ubudala | (I-84.01 g) | I-15 ku | (Amasentimitha ayi-38.1) | 2.76 | 5.1 | 146,188 |
I-4 oz | (I-113.4 g) | I-12 ku | (Amasentimitha ayi-30.48) | 4.52 | 4.2 | 150,685 |
4 oz ubudala | (I-113.4 g) | I-18 ku | (Amasentimitha ayi-45.72) | 3.01 | 6.2 | 148,303 |
Iminyaka yobudala yembewu yamazambane ibaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni isivuno sezitshalo kanye nobukhulu be-tuber. Ngokukhetha uhlobo lwembewu olufanele kanye nokulungisa izindlela zokuphatha izitshalo ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yokuphila, abalimi bamazambane bangakwazi ukwandisa isivuno sabo futhi bahlangabezane nezidingo zemakethe ngempumelelo.