#PotatoCultivation #IndianFarming #ProcessingVarieties #AgricultureChallenges #ColdStorage #DoubleCropping
I-India, izwe elinezinhlobonhlobo zezolimo, izidla indawo evelele ekulimeni amazambane. Uhambo lwamazambane e-India lwakhiwe ukufaneleka kwesifunda, izimo zezulu, kanye nesidingo salesi sigaxa esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi. Kulesi sihloko, sihlola izifunda ezibhekwa njengezilungele ukulinywa kwamazambane, izinselele abalimi ababhekana nazo, ukuvela kwezinhlobonhlobo ezicutshungulwayo, namathemba ekusasa alesi sitshalo esiphansi kodwa esibalulekile.
Ukutshalwa Kwamazambane eNdiya: Izifunda kanye Nokufaneleka
I-Indo Gangetic Plains yase-Uttar Pradesh, i-Bihar, ne-West Bengal iyahola ekulinyweni kwamazambane, okwenza cishe amaphesenti angama-85 omkhiqizo wezwe. Inhlabathi evundile yalesi sifunda kanye nokutholakala kwamanzi okunisela kuyenza ibe isizinda esikahle sokukhula kwamazambane. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esifushane sasebusika sibeka inselele ekutholeni isivuno esiphezulu.
Ukuvuna Okuphindwe Kabili: Kuphi Futhi Kanjani?
Ezifundeni ezinamagquma, abalimi bangazuza izivuno ezimbili zamazambane ngonyaka ngokwenza ukutshala kabili, okwaziwa ngokuthi i-kharif (inkathi yemvula) kanye nokulima kwe-Rabi (inkathi yasebusika). Ukutshala kuqala kusukela ngoJulayi/Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba/Novemba ku-kharif kanye noFebhuwari/Mashi kuya kuMeyi/Juni kweRabi.
Izinsiza Zokuchelela: Ukusiza Ukutshala Amazambane
Yize ezinye izingxenye zaseNdiya, njengeGujarat, zisebenzisa ukuchelela ngamaconsi ekulimeni amazambane, izindawo eziningi zithembele ohlelweni lwemisele olusetshenzwa ngemisele.
Izinhlobonhlobo: Abomdabu nabakwamanye amazwe
I-India itshala kakhulu izinhlobo zamazambane ezithuthukiswe ekhaya, ngokuvamile ngemigqa ye-CIP njengomzali oyedwa. I-Kufri Jyoti, i-Kufri Pukhraj, i-Kufri Bahar, i-Kufri Himalini, ne-Kufri Chandramukhi ziphakathi kwezinhlobo ezidumile. Noma kunjalo, izinkampani ezizimele nazo zethula izinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe emakethe yaseNdiya.
Ukukhula Okuthandwayo: Ithebula Amazambane nangaphezulu
Izintandokazi zamaNdiya zezinhlobo zamazambane ziyehluka ngokwesifunda. Enyakatho, amazambane aphuzi/amhlophe anesikhumba esimhlophe athandwa, kuyilapho impumalanga incike kulawo anesikhumba esibomvu. Inyama ephuzi emhlophe isetshenziswa kakhulu, kodwa isidingo samazambane anesikhumba esinsomi siyenyuka ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo okuphezulu kwe-antioxidant.
Ukucubungula Izinhlobonhlobo: Ukungena Ekudleni Kwesimanje
Ngokudla okuseNtshonalanga, kunesidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo yamazambane egayiwe njengama-chips nama-french fries. I-India iphendule ngokuhlakulela izinhlobo ezithile zokucubungula ezifana ne-Lady Rosetta, i-Chipsona 1-4, ne-Kufri Frysona.
Imigomo yamanje yabazalanisi bezambane e-India
Abalimi bamazambane baseNdiya bazinikele ekuthuthukiseni izinhlobo zesikhathi esifushane, ezivuthwa ekuqaleni ezinesivuno esikhulu. Sekugxilwe ekucubunguleni izinhlobo ngenxa yesidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo yamazambane agayiwe. Ukumelana nesimo sezulu, ukubekezelela ukushisa nesomiso, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ze-biofortified nakho kusezindaweni zabo.
Izinselelo Ekulimeni Kwamazambane
Abalimi babhekana nezinselelo zokuthola imbewu esezingeni eliphezulu ngamanani athengekayo, ukumaketha imikhiqizo yabo, kanye nokubhekana nezinambuzane nezifo ezifana ne- early and late blight, bacterial wilt, Common Scab, root rot, kanye ne-cyst nematodes.
Ukujikeleziswa Kwezitshalo kanye Nezisetshenziswa
Uzambane uvame ukutshalwa ngokushintshana nezinye izitshalo, njengerayisi nokolweni, ezinyangeni zasebusika ngemva kokuvunwa kwe-paddy. Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokutshala nezimba ekutshaleni, ekunakekeleni nasekuvuneni kuvamile kubalimi, futhi imishini isakazeka kancane kancane.
Ngemva Kokuvuna kanye Nesitoreji
Abalimi bathengisa amazambane abo avuniwe kubahwebi noma izimakethe zendawo, futhi abalimi abakhulu bagcina umkhiqizo wabo ezindaweni ezibandayo ukuze udayiswe esikhathini esizayo. Umthamo wokugcina obandayo emabhandeni amakhulu amazambane ungafinyelela amathani ayi-5,000 noma ngaphezulu, unikeze isitoreji esingafika ezinyangeni eziyi-10.
Isiphetho: Ukukhulisa Ifa Lamazambane
Ukutshalwa kwamazambane eNdiya kuyaphumelela ezifundeni ezinenhlabathi evundile kanye nemithombo yamanzi eyanele. Abalimi bakuleli babhekene nezingqinamba ekutholakaleni kwembewu, ukudayisa kanye nengqalasizinda yokugcina. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zokucubungula kanye nesidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yamazambane, ikusasa libukeka lithembisa. Imizamo yenkuthalo yabalimi bamazambane kanye nesenzo esihlangene sabalimi abancane ihlose ukuqinisekisa ikusasa elithelayo lalesi sigaxa esithandekayo eNdiya.
Ukubonga: Sithanda ukudlulisa ukubonga kwethu okusuka enhliziyweni ku-Samarendu Mohanty, uMqondisi Wesifunda sase-Asia e-International Potato Centre (CIP), kanye no-Sampriti Baruah, Usosayensi Wocwaningo Lwesifunda e-International Potato Centre, ngeqhaza labo elibalulekile ekunikezeni ulwazi nemininingwane yalokhu. isihloko. Ubungcweti nokwesekwa kwabo kuthuthukise kakhulu ikhwalithi nokunemba kokuqukethwe.