Izinhlelo ezintsha zokunisela ezifana ne-drip ne-subsurface drip irrigation (i-SDI) zisetshenziswe ngabalimi be-alfalfa abanqenqemeni isikhathi esithile.
Abamukeli bokuqala babona ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zinganikeza ini; manje izinzuzo ezibandakanya ukwehliswa kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi jikelele, ukusebenza kangcono kwamanzi nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo (WUE neRUE), kanye nokuvunwa okukhulu kutholakele ocwaningweni nasezifundweni zamacala ezivela ezinkampanini eziholayo zokunisela. Ngisho nezinzuzo ezifakazelwe, abalimi abaningi balwa nomqondo wokusuka emikhubeni yendabuko yokunisela bangene kokungajwayelekile. Kuzobiza malini ukuguqulwa? Hlobo luni lokubuya engingalulindela? Ngabe lokhu kuzolithinta inani lezisiki unyaka ngamunye? Futhi mhlawumbe omunye wemibuzo emikhulu: Ngiwalawula kanjani amagundane?
Izinduku zikhathaza bonke abalimi be-alfalfa, noma ngabe kusetshenziswa yiphi indlela yokunisela. Izinambuzane ezinjengamagundane, ama-voles nama-gopher zidala ukulahleka kwesivuno kanye nomonakalo wezitshalo lapho zingalawulwa kahle. Ama-Gopher abhekiswe ikakhulukazi kulabo abasebenzisa ama-drip nezinhlelo ze-SDI, njengoba izintambo zokunisela zivame ukuba yisisulu sokuhlafuna nokugedla kwazo okuvamile, kulimaze lonke uhlelo lokunisela ngaphezu kwesivuno.
Kodwa-ke, ama-drip nezinhlelo ze-SDI zinezici eziningana ezihlukile kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kokuphathwa kahle kwamagundane. Ngoba asikho isisombululo esisodwa "somlingo" sokulawula izinambuzane, labo abafuna ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-drip noma lwe-SDI nokuphatha ngempumelelo amagundane kudingeka bakhe uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe; eyodwa eqala ngaphambi kokuthi idriphu noma uhlelo lwe-SDI lungene emhlabathini, luqhubeke phakathi nezikhathi zokukhula futhi lufake namasu okusika ngemuva.
Ukuhlela ngaphambi kokutshala
Umugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela empini yamagundane ukukhomba izindawo ezinamazinga aphezulu egundane, hhayi kuphela emkhakheni we-drip ohlongozwayo noma we-SDI, kepha nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinyathelo ezilandelayo kufanele zithathwe endaweni ngayinye. (Qaphela: Izilawuli zetyhefu ezishiwo kulesi sigaba ziyizinto ezisebenzayo kuhlelo oluhlanganisiwe, kepha zingasuswa kulabo abafuna ukwenza imisebenzi ezinakekela ngokuphelele, engenamakhemikhali futhi uma kudingeka ngemithetho yombuso ngamunye.)
1. Isizinda se-buffer
- Dala indawo yokubhukha ezungeze insimu ngokususa ukhula, ikhava yomhlabathi nodoti.
- Ukutshala kanye / noma ukhula kululekwa ukuthi kubhujiswe imigwaqo yezindiza kanye nezimpande zokhula futhi kubulawe amagundane akhona. (Ibhonasi: Lokhu futhi kukhuthaza inhlabathi enempilo, enye yezindlela zokuzivikela eziyisisekelo kakhulu ekuhlaselweni amagundane nezinambuzane.)
- Cabanga ukusebenzisa ama-rodenticides endaweni ye-buffer, ikakhulukazi uma ingcindezi yamagundane iphezulu.
2. Inkambu eyinhloko
- Khipha ngokujulile inhlabathi ukubhubhisa imingxuma futhi uphazamise indawo yokuhlala ye-gopher edingekayo ukuze iphile (Qaphela: akufaki ukusebenza okuncane kokulima).
- Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-dripline, i-repellant noma i-toxicant ingasetshenziswa, ngemithethonqubo yombuso.
- Ukunciphisa izindlela zamagundane, i-shank slit ingagcwala amathayi kagandaganda.
- Ekugcineni, cabanga ngomugqa wezokuvikela wezindleko eziphansi - ngokwesibonelo, amabhokisi ezikhova.
Lawula ngenkathi ukhula
Ngemuva kokuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifanelekile zangaphambi kokutshala ukulawula amagundane, uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe luyaqhubeka ngemikhuba emihle kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ubuthi kanye nokulawulwa kwamakhemikhali kuyasebenza, kepha abalimi abafuna ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda ukusetshenziswa kwabo bangaphumelela ngohlelo olubandakanya ukubamba, ukubamba kanye nokuvikela okuqondene nohlelo.
1. Ukuluma nokubamba
Elinye lamasu aqatha abasebenzi abaningi, ukudoba nakho kungenye yezindlela ezisebenza kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamagundane. Khumbula ukuthi amagundane, ikakhulukazi ama-gopher, asebenza kakhulu entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Izingibe zizosebenza kakhulu ngalezi zikhathi, ngakho-ke beka phambili isikhathi nomsebenzi ukuze usebenzise leli su ngendlela efanele.
- Bait isonto lonke, bese ubeka izingibe ngemuva kokuthi isilingo selokhu sathathwa.
- Izicupho zingadonswa nge-anti-coagulant enobuthi.
- Ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi engenabo ubuthi, izingibe eziboshwe ibhotela lamantongomane, i-oatmeal noma ama-apula zisebenza kahle, ikakhulukazi ama-voles namagundane amadlelo.
- Ukuze uphumelele, izingibe ze-gopher kufanele zibekwe kuzo zombili izindlela zokungena emhubheni.
- Setha izingibe bese uphinde uhlole kungakapheli amahora angu-48.
- Noma yiziphi izingibe ezingavakashelwe kungakapheli amahora angama-48 kufanele zihanjiswe futhi zihlolwe endaweni entsha.
2. Ukuvikelwa kwesistimu
Izinhlelo zeDrip ne-SDI zigcina amazinga omswakama aqhubekayo emhlabathini, ngokungafani nokunisela kwezikhukhula okubeka inhlabathi ngemijikelezo yezimo ezimanzi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo ezomile kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lwendawo aluthandeki kumagundane futhi bathambekele ekugwemeni izindawo ezimanzi, okwenza amasistimu e-drip nama-SDI abe yinto ephindisela ngokwemvelo. ukunisela nge-lood kunikeza isu lokulawula amagundane ngokwemvelo ekuminziseni ama-gopher lapho insimu igcwele amanzi, yingakho abanye ochwepheshe bephakamisa ukuthi abalimi abanamadriphu kanye nezinsimu ze-SDI zisalokhu zinamandla okugcwala ukuchelela njengengxenye yecebo elididiyelwe lokuphathwa kwamagundane.
Ngokwengeziwe, abanye abakhiqizi be-drip nabakwa-SDI bathatha indlela esebenzayo yokubhekana nokulawulwa kwamagundane ngaphakathi kohlelo lokudonsa noma lwe-SDI uqobo. Isibonelo, umkhiqizo usuthuthukisiwe okuthi uma ufakwa ku-dripline, ucasule amagundane bese uwashayela phezulu lapho basengozini enkulu yezilwane ezizingelayo. Bheka imithethonqubo yasendaweni neyombuso namalebula womkhiqizo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lo mkhiqizo.
3. Izinhlayiya zeBurrow
Ama-fumigants, yize ehlukaniswa njengezindlela zamakhemikhali noma ezingezona ezokusimama, ahlinzeka ngenye indlela ongayisebenzisa esikhundleni samakhemikhali wendabuko kanye nobuthi obujwayelekile. Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-burrow fumigants yizinketho zokulawulwa kwe-pocket gopher (futhi, khumbula imithethonqubo yombuso namalebula angahluka):
- I-aluminium phosphide
- Imishini ekhiqiza i-Carbon monoxide
Inzuzo enkulu nge-aluminium phosphides ukusebenza kwayo, ukusebenza kwayo ngamaphesenti angama-85 kuye kwayi-100 kuvamile ezinhlelweni zemisele. Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhiqiza i-carbon monoxide, yize ingasebenzi kahle kangako, kungaphatha izinhlelo ezifika eziyisithupha ngasikhathi sinye, zikwenze kube inketho eshesha kakhulu nokwehlisa umsebenzi. Amafutha eBurrow adinga umswakama ophakeme kakhulu womhlabathi ukuze asebenze kahle. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ama-drip nezinhlelo ze-SDI zigcina umswakama ongaguquguquki futhi ophakeme enhlabathini, okwenza imfucumfucu yemisele ibonakale iphumelela ngokwengeziwe kulezi zinhlelo. Nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-fumigant, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kuvikelwe yonke insimu nabakhi be-burrow, banake izindawo ezinabantu abaningi, amabhange emisele kanye nezinsimu ezincikene nezindawo zokukhula zokuqala.
Ukujikeleza okusika nokusika
Ngemuva kokusika ngakunye, bhekisisa indawo nganoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokugqekeza bese uthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha uma kudingeka. Uma sekuyisikhathi sokuzungezisa inkambu iye kwesinye isitshalo, umkhuba omuhle kakhulu ukuzungeza isivuno sekhava. Ubhontshisi, imidumba noma ezinye izitshalo zokumboza kufanele kutshalwe ukuze kucebise inhlabathi futhi kunikeze izinto ezinhle eziphilayo. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, inhlabathi enempilo ingenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zemvelo zokuvikela amagundane nezinambuzane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo zokumboza zinikeza ukuphazamiseka kwezilokazane ezingangena ngesivuno ezinenzuzo emasimini aseduze.
Ayikho inhlanhla - ukuhlela okuhle kuphela
Ngokuhlela okufanelekile nangemikhuba emihle yokuphatha ehamba phambili, izinsongo zamagundane zingancishiswa ezinhlelweni ze-drip noma ze-SDI, okushiya abalimi be-alfalfa bathokozele izinzuzo zezithelo eziphakeme kanye ne-WUE ne-RUE enkulu. Akunandaba ukuthi iyiphi inkambo oyenzayo ngokuhlinzwa kwakho, nasi iseluleko sokugcina: Ungesabi ukufuna imininingwane eyengeziwe kuqala. Bheka kubalimi abakanye nabo abasebenza ngenkuthalo ama-drip noma ama-SDI system, kanye nochwepheshe bezokuphathwa kwezinambuzane kanye nama-ejenti okwengeza endawo, bese usebenzisa lolo lwazi njengamandla okusebenza kwakho.