Ocwaningweni lwakamuva lwabatshali bamazambane oluphothulwe ngabakwaSpudman, izinkinga zokulawulwa kwezifo zigqanyisiwe. Abalimi babike ukuthi balwa nezinkinga zokumelana nesikhunta ngamakhemikhali amaningi ajwayelekile asetshenziselwa ukulwa nezifo eziyinkinga. Kulabo okuhloliwe, ama-43% abike ukuthi ukumelana nokukhula kube yinselelo enkulu ekulawuleni izifo ezivamile zamazambane.
Okunye kokukhathazeka okuphezulu kwabalimi okubikiwe kubandakanya igciwane le-potato Y (PVY), i-blight sekwephuzile, i-dickeya, i-blight yokuqala, isikhumba esivamile, ukubola okupinki nesikhunta esimhlophe. Amakhemikhali amasha emakethe akhishwa emaqenjini ahlukene e-FRAC, aklanyelwe ukusebenza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza nokulwa nokumelana lapho kusetshenziswa ngokushintshana namakhemikhali endabuko.
Okwejwayelekile uqweqwe namagciwane athinta amazambane, abalimi kumele bathembele emikhubeni yamasiko ukuvimbela nokubambezela ukusabalala kwalezi zifo ngenxa yokushoda kwezindlela zokwelapha zamakhemikhali emakethe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukulawulwa kwe-aphid kanye ne "imbewu ehlanzekile, ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene, kanye nokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo okude lapho kungenzeka khona futhi," kusho uC Curtis Rainbolt, omele izinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe neBASF Corporation.
Kubalulekile manje kunakuqala ukuthi abalimi balwa nalezi zifo ezikhohlisayo ngamakhemikhali avela emaqenjini amaningi e-FRAC ngokushintshanisa amazinga amahle kakhulu okuvikela nokulawula. Izosiza ukuvimbela izingqinamba zokuphathwa kokumelana nokugcina amakhemikhali ukuze asetshenziswe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nangezikhathi zokukhula ezizayo.
Inkinga enkulu yokulimala kusenesikhathi ukuthi amakhemikhali amaningi asemakethe ayelaphayo aqhamuka eqenjini le-FRAC 7. "Sesivele sibona ukwehla kokulawulwa kokulimala kusenesikhathi ngamanye ama-fungicides eqembu eli-7," kusho uRainbolt. Ukusungulwa okusha kweBASF kokulimala kwasekuqaleni, iProvysol® fungicide, kuvela eqenjini le-FRAC 3, ngakho-ke lo mkhiqizo unikeza abalimi i-fungicide enendlela ehlukile yokwenza okufanele bathembele kuyo uma behlangabezana nezinkinga zokumelana nesifo sokuqala.
Ukuvimbela nokulawula izifo ezifana nokulimala okuqala kanye nesikhunta esimhlophe, uKen Deibert, (omele insiza yezobuchwepheshe ye-BASF ye-ND / MN) uncoma ukuthi abalimi basebenzise ukushintshaniswa kwe-fungysia ye-Provysol® ne-Endura® fungicide ngaphambi kokuvalwa komugqa nasemgqeni. "(Faka i-Provysol® fungicide ne-Endura® fungicide) ukuvimbela izifo zokuqala nokuhlaselwa yisikhunta esimhlophe kunokulinda kuze kufike isikhathi sonyaka," kusho uDeibert. "Sihlala sibona ukulawulwa kwezifo okuhle kakhulu futhi sithela lapho kusetshenziswa ama-fungicides asebenza kakhulu ekuqaleni kwesizini," kuqhubeka uDeibert.
Nge-PVY, enye indlela ukulawula ama-aphid ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwasekuqaleni. I-inseina yokubulala izinambuzane i-Sefina® Inscalis® evela ku-BASF kuyindlela yokukhetha abalimi okufanele bayeke i-PVY ngaphambi kokuba iqale.
Abalimi futhi badinga ukuxhumana nabasebenzi baseyunivesithi i-Extension ukuze baqonde izingqinamba zesifunda sabo, ikakhulukazi ezifweni ezisengozini enkulu yokusabalala komphakathi. Isandiso Aama-gents azokwazi ukukhomba ngqo ukuthi yibaphi abalimi bezifo ababhekene nabo ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali afanele. Le ngenye indlela yokulwa nokuphathwa kokumelana: abalimi badinga ukusebenzisa kuphela amakhemikhali afanele ukuphatha lesi sifo esibikezelwe ukuthi sizokwenzeka noma sikhona ngempela. Uma i-chemistry isetshenziswa ngokungadingekile noma isetshenziswe ngokweqile, abalimi kungenzeka bangakwazi ukuthembela kulowo khemistri ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma leso sifo sizivelela.
Ngeminye imininingwane ngamakhemikhali anikezwa yi-BASF yabalimi bamazambane, vakashela https://agriculture.basf.us/crop-protection/products/provysol.html