Ukuguqulwa kofuzo sekuhambe ibanga elide.
Abantu bebelokhu besebenzisa ukukhohlisa kofuzo iminyaka eyinkulungwane, kudala ngaphambi kokuthi sisebenze ngamajazi elebhu. Kusukela ezinjeni ezinhle kuya ezithelweni ezidliwayo, ukuzalanisa okukhethiwe kudala isetshenziswa ukulima izitshalo nezilwane zenani eliphakeme.
Kulezi zinsuku, ososayensi benza ukukhohlisa kofuzo okunembe kakhudlwana kumalebhu. Kodwa imiphumela ayizange ihlale iphelele. Kuze kube muva nje, ukuguqulwa kofuzo kungase kube nokufiphala kancane, ukukhiqiza izinto eziphilayo ezingase ziphumelele elebhu kodwa hhayi ezimweni zomhlaba wangempela.
Ukuthatha ukulawula
USolwazi Ryan Lister waseNyuvesi yaseWestern Australia ubhale ngokuhlanganyela a iphepha mayelana nokuthi izitshalo zingaklanywa kanjani kangcono ngokuhlelwa kofuzo okuyinkimbinkimbi.
“Izinto eziphilayo zinezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezilawula ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zivulwa noma zivalwe nini, kuphi futhi kuze kube yiliphi izinga,” kusho uRyan.
“Sifuna ukulungisa ulibofuzo izitshalo ngendlela esezingeni elilingana nenani kwemvelo uzuzile.”
Lezi zinhlelo zokulawula eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezivele ngokwemvelo, zivumela isitshalo ukuthi siphendule endaweni yaso. Isibonelo, isitshalo kungenzeka ukuthi siguqule ngokwemvelo isakhi sofuzo "esivulwa" kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu. Uma ukwazi ukubona uhlelo lokulawula ufuzo lwemvelo olubangela ukuthi lolofuzo luvulwe, ungaphinda udale lolo hlelo lokulawula kwenye ingxenye yesitshalo. Kulesi sibonelo, kusho ukuthi unganjiniyela isitshalo ukuthi sisabele ekushiseni ngendlela eqondile.
Ukuvikela isimo sezulu
Ukuphumelela kuleli zinga le ukuguqulwa kofuzo inganikeza abacwaningi ukulawula okukhulu ekuphumeni kwezomnotho kwezitshalo. Ingaziguqula zibe izimboni zebhayoloji ezishunwe kahle ezidala ngempumelelo ama-molecule enani eliphezulu noma zithuthukise ukusabela kwazo emithonyeni eqinile yangaphandle njengezinambuzane nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Izicelo zalolu cwaningo zibanzi. E-Australia, kungase kube ushintsho lomdlalo we umkhakha wezolimo, osekuba ngokuya ngobungozi izimo zemvelo ezinzima.
URyan uthi: “Lapho isimo sezulu siba esingalindelekile, sibangela ukuwohloka kwezinhlelo ezimisiwe.
Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezivikela isimo sezulu cishe kwakuyisicelo esisobala semiphumela yocwaningo.
Kuthiwani ngokutshala izitshalo emkhathini? Ingabe ucwaningo lukaRyan lungasisiza ukuba senze lokho?
Imbewu yesikhala
URyan uyingxenye yamanyuvesi amaningi iphrojekthi yokucwaninga ebizwa ngokuthi i-Australian Research Council Center of Excellence in Plants for Space. Le phrojekthi izocwaninga ukuthi zingaklanywa kanjani izitshalo ezichumayo ezindaweni ezingaphandle koMhlaba.
“Njengoba abantu besabalele emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule, sihambe nezitshalo. Izitshalo zisekela impucuko yethu futhi zicebisa izimpilo zethu nempilo yethu,” kusho uRyan.
"Ingasaphathwa, iyimishini esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi eguquguqukayo engakha ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwama-molecule nezinto zokwakha."
Uma sakha amakoloni enyangeni noma kuMars, kungaba nzima ukuletha imishini eyenza imithi noma ezinye izinto. Kodwa uma singanjiniyela izitshalo ukuze zikhiqize ama-molecule athile ngokufunwa, okudingeka sikulethe yimbewu ukuze sikhule lezo zitshalo.
Emuva phansi
Emuva Emhlabeni, ucwaningo lukaRyan lungasetshenziswa kwezinye izinto ezifana nokulima okuqondile. Uhlelo olusha lwezolimo lusekelwe ezintweni ezilawulwa ngokuqinile kwezemvelo.
“Lapho sitshala izitshalo endaweni elawulwa kahle yasendlini, singafinyelela ukukhula okuphezulu kakhulu nokukhiqiza ngokusetshenziswa okuphansi kwezakhi zomzimba namanzi,” kusho uRyan.
“Kodwa lezi izindawo ezihluke ngokuphelele kulokho izitshalo ezavela kuzo, futhi ziza nezinselelo zazo. Sihlose ukukunqoba lokhu ukuze sizuze ukukhiqiza okukhulu nokuguquguquka.”
“Ezolimo zasendlini zingasusa izingqinamba zokuthutha umkhiqizo omusha kusuka emapulazini akude lapho akhiqizwa khona ngokujwayelekile ukuya ezindaweni ezinkulu zokufunwa nokusetshenziswa. Futhi kwamanye amazwe anomkhawulo womhlaba, lokhu kungaba usizo lwangempela lokunqoba izinselele zokubusa kokudla.”
Kunezinyathelo eziningi okufanele uzithathe ngaphambi kokuba sikhulise izitshalo ezenziwe ngofuzo ku-Mars. Kodwa njengoba noma ubani oye wenza ingadi encane azi, kusukela ezintweni ezincane izinto ezinkulu ziyakhula.
Kunikezwe ngu Inhlayiyana