Lo mbhalo uvela kufayela le- Ukukhishwa kukaDisemba 2021 Umtshali Wamazambane.
Ingxenye ye-National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), i-US Potato Genebank iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha iqoqe futhi yagcina iqoqo elikhulu lezakhi zofuzo zamazambane.
Ngaphambi kuka-1950, izitoko zokuzalanisa amazambane zazilethwa abalimi baseMelika ngabanye, ngokubambisana okuncane phakathi kwabacwaningi. Kepha ngokwakhiwa kwe-NPGS, ososayensi bamazambane bafuna uhlelo oluphakathi nendawo ukuze bathole, bahlukanise, balondoloze, bahlole futhi basabalalise amagciwane amazambane. Abafuyi abaningana abavela eWisconsin babeyithanda kakhulu le nhlangano, ngakho-ke umbuso waklonyeliswa nge-genebank kanye nezibopho ezalandela. Kwanqunywa ukuthi i-genebank kufanele yakhiwe e-Sturgeon Bay eNhlonhlweni Yomnyango yaseWisconsin, isuswe ezindaweni ezinkulu zokukhiqiza amazambane zikahulumeni ukuze kugwenywe ingcindezi yegciwane eyesatshwa yinoma yimuphi umkhiqizi wembewu yesizukulwane esiphezulu.
Uhlu lwe-genebank luhlanganisa abantu abangaba ngu-5,000 bembewu yezitshalo kanye nama-clones angaphezu kwe-1,000 wezicubu zomzimba. Lezo zinombolo zihlanganisa zombili ezimisiwe (Russet Burbank, Norland, Atlantic) kanye nezimila ezingaziwayo (Alaska Frostless, Montanosa, Zarewo) I-solanum tuberosum, kanye nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100 zezihlobo zasendle ezifana Solanum candoleanum, Solanum boliviense futhi Solanum andreanum. Ukugcina zonke lezo zakhi zofuzo kunenhloso enkulu kukho kunokuhlanganisa nje uhlu olude lwamagama ajabulisayo; i-genebank ihlezi isebenza ukuhlukanisa izakhi zofuzo ezingaba usizo emakethe yamazambane yase-US.
“Amazambane anezinhlobo ezingaba yikhulu—izihlobo eziningi zasendle ezitholakala kalula kunanoma yisiphi esinye isilimo,” kusho uJohn Bamberg, osekhonze njengomholi womklamo eSturgeon Bay kusukela ngo-100. I-US] ine-germplasm yangaphandle ohlwini lozalo lwabo. Ezicini eziningi, njengezifo, ukumelana nezinambuzane kanye nengcindezi, i-germplasm engavamile inokweqisa okukhulu kunalokho okutholakala echibini lokuzalanisa i-cultivar.
"Inhloso ye-US Potato Genebank, njenganoma iyiphi ibhange lofuzo ukuthola, ukuhlukanisa, ukulondoloza, ukuhlola kanye
ukusabalalisa i-germplasm, ulwazi kanye nobuchwepheshe ngokulandela ukuthuthukisa isilimo. Thina
ukuphela kwendawo e-US enaleyo mishini yamazambane, kodwa futhi sisekela amazambane
ukuthuthukiswa emhlabeni jikelele. Isifaniso esihle sitholakala esitolo samathuluzi. Kwabaningi
isiza amakhasimende ayo ngempumelelo, kufanele inikeze (ithole) uhlu olubanzi kakhulu olungakhona
amathuluzi."
Nakuba u-Bamberg nozakwabo behlala phansi esitebhisini esifaka amazambane emapuletini abantu—isinyathelo ngaphambi kokuzalanisa, ngisho—abanayizi ezidingweni zabalimi nabathengi. Izidingo zemboni kanye nezitayela zihamba phambili ezingqondweni zabo njengoba zisebenzela ukuthuthukisa ukondleka kwamazambane futhi ziwenze athandeke kakhudlwana kubathengi.
"I-mantra yethu iwukuthi sifuna ukugcina izakhi zofuzo esikhundleni se-genotypes," kusho u-Bamberg. "Ngeke sikwazi ukugcina yonke i-genotype ngokuhlanganyela, kodwa sihlala sihlose ukuqoqa nokuvikela inani eliphezulu lezakhi zofuzo eziwusizo."
Umgomo we-US Potato Genebank ukwenza kube lula ukuthuthuka kumazambane esikhathi esizayo ngokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezibalulekile ezitholakala ku-germplasm yamazambane asendle. Ama-tubers amancane ajwayelekile ohlotsheni lwamazambane asendle, kodwa amelela isifuba sangempela somcebo wezinhlobonhlobo zezakhi zofuzo ezingase zibe usizo ezingase zenziwe izinhlobo ezintsha. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezintsha kufanele zikwazi ukunqoba izinselele zezinambuzane kanye nengcindezi ngokuncika kancane kumanyolo wamakhemikhali, izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nezibulala-fungi. I-US Potato Genebank yenza lokhu ngokusebenzisa indlela ephindwe ka-5: Ukutholwa, Ukuhlelwa, Ukulondolozwa, Ukuhlola Nokusabalalisa Amagciwane Amazambane.