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Ukufakwa kukamanyolo okuguquguqukayo sekuyinto ebalulekile ekuphathweni kwezitshalo eziqondene nesayithi ukuze kukhuliswe umkhiqizo kanye nokufana ezinkambini ngazinye. Lesi sihloko sidingida ukubaluleka kokukhomba imisoco lapho idingeka khona kakhulu endaweni ethile, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bezinga eliguquguqukayo ukuze kufakwe umanyolo ngendlela efanele. Ikakhulukazi, ihlola ukubaluleka kwe-phosphorus (P) ezigabeni zokukhula ezihlukene zezitshalo futhi idingida izinselele ezilethwa uhlelo lwempande olungashoni lwezitshalo ezithile, njengamazambane, ekuthathweni kwezakhi. Ukwengeza, i-athikili ihlanganisa imithombo ehlukahlukene yomanyolo we-phosphorus kanye nezici ezithonya amazinga okusebenza kwawo.
Ingxenye yesibili ye-athikili ishintsha igxile ku-potassium yezakhi ezibalulekile (K), ichaza ukubaluleka kwayo ekukhuthazeni isivuno se-tuber, usayizi, kanye nekhwalithi. Igqamisa imithombo ehlukene ye-potassium futhi ihlinzeka ngemininingwane emazingeni afanele okusebenza asekelwe ekuhlolweni kwenhlabathi yangaphambi kokutshala. Kuphinde kuxoxiswane ngesikhathi kanye nokubekwa komanyolo we-potassium, okugcizelela ukubaluleka kokusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele ukuze kugwenywe izingozi ezingase zibe khona ezitshalweni.
Izinqubo zokuphatha izilimo ziye zashintsha kakhulu eminyakeni edlule, ngokugxila okukhulayo ekulimeni okunembayo. Isici esisodwa esibalulekile sokunemba kwezolimo ukuphatha okuqondene nendawo ethile yemisoco yezitshalo ngokusebenzisa ukufakwa kukamanyolo wamazinga ahlukahlukene. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, njengamasistimu aqondiswa yi-GPS namathuluzi okuqapha isivuno, ukuze kwakhiwe amamephu anemininingwane ezidingo zomsoco ensimini. Ngokuhlaziya lawa mamephu, abalimi bangafaka ngokunembile umanyolo ngamanani ahlukahlukeneyo ensimini ukuze babhekane nezidingo ezithile zomsoco ezindaweni ezahlukene.
I-Phosphorus (P) idlala indima ebalulekile ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene zokukhula kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqala lapho ukukhula kwezimpande kubalulekile. Kodwa-ke, izimpande ezingashoni kakhulu zezitshalo zamazambane zizenza zingasebenzi kahle ekukhipheni izakhamzimba ezingqimbeni zenhlabathi ejulile. Ngakho-ke, inani eliphezulu lezakhamzimba, ikakhulukazi i-phosphorus, kudingeka lisetshenziswe endaweni eseduze nezimpande zesitshalo. Ubuchwepheshe bezinga eliguquguqukayo buvumela abalimi ukuthi basabalalise umanyolo we-phosphorus ngokusekelwe kudatha yemephu yenhlabathi yangaphambilini noma yezitshalo, ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala okuphelele kwezakhi lapho kudingeka khona kakhulu.
Imithombo eyahlukene kamanyolo we-phosphorus iyatholakala, njenge-single superphosphate, i-double/triple superphosphate, i-monoammonium phosphate (MAP), i-diammonium phosphate (DAP), i-liquid P, kanye nomquba. Ukukhethwa komthombo we-phosphorus kuncike ezintweni ezifana nemishini, ingqalasizinda, kanye nezinkinga zesikhathi. Nakuba umanyolo we-nitrogen ungasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngokufafazwa kwamaqabunga noma ukuvundiswa, i-phosphorus idinga ukubekwa emhlabathini, eduze nendawo yezimpande.
Uhlobo lwenhlabathi, ukuqala ukugxiliswa kwe-phosphorus yenhlabathi, i-phosphorus buffering index (PBI), kanye nesivuno sezitshalo eziqondiwe yizici ezibalulekile ezithonya izinga lokufakwa kwe-phosphorus. Inhlabathi eyisihlabathi ene-PBI ephansi ngokuvamile idinga amanani aphansi, asukela ku-60 kuya ku-100 kg/ha, kuyilapho inhlabathi ene-PBI ephakeme, efana nenhlabathi enobumba noma ene-volcanic loam, ingase idinge amanani aphezulu, asukela ku-200 kuya ku-330 kg P/ha.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe amasu okufaka i-phosphorus, kuyatuseka ukufuna iseluleko kochwepheshe bezolimo bendawo noma ochwepheshe abajwayelene nendawo ethile kanye nohlelo lokukhiqiza.
Ukwamukelwa kokusetshenziswa kukamanyolo wesilinganiso esiguquguqukayo kuholele ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu ekukhiqizeni kwezitshalo nokusebenza kahle kwezinsiza. Ngokuqondisa imisoco lapho idingeka khona, abalimi banganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kukamanyolo, banciphise imithelela yemvelo efana nokucwiliswa kwezakhi kanye nokugeleza. Le ndlela enembayo iphinde ithuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi, okuholela ezitshalweni ezinempilo neziqinile.
Ukuze kusetshenziswe i-phosphorus, kubalulekile ukubeka umanyolo ngendlela efanele eduze nezimpande, njengoba kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala nokusetshenziswa kwezakhi. Ngokuphambene, ukusakaza umanyolo we-phosphorus kuyo yonke insimu kungase kubangele ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani futhi kungaholela ekumoshweni kwezakhi. Ngokuqonda izidingo ezithile zomsoco ezindaweni ezahlukene ensimini, abalimi bangabela izinsiza ngempumelelo futhi bathole ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo okufanayo.
Ngokufanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamasu komanyolo we-potassium okusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwenhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala kanye nezidingo zezitshalo kuthuthukisa isivuno, ubukhulu, kanye nekhwalithi. Ngokugwema ukusetshenziswa kwe-potassium ngokweqile, okungaba nomthelela omubi ekuqineni kwe-tuber, abalimi bangakwazi ukwandisa izinsiza zabo futhi banciphise ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho okungaba khona.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokwanda kwenkimbinkimbi yokuphatha umanyolo, abalimi kudingeka bahlale benolwazi futhi bafune iseluleko sochwepheshe ukuze benze izinqumo ezingcono kakhulu zezinhlelo zabo zokulima ezithile. Izazi zezolimo namahlathi zinganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nezinqubo zokuphatha izakhi, okuvumela abalimi ukuthi basebenzise amasu ahambisanayo emiphumela yezitshalo ethuthukisiwe.