Ukulawulwa kokuphola kwesilonda kuvela ezimeni zokuqala amazambane achayeka kuzo ngemva kokuvuna.
Sonke siyazi ukuthi isikhumba somuntu siyisitho esiphawulekayo esivikela amangqamuzana angaphansi, kodwa esingalinyazwa ngokulimala ngesikhathi semisebenzi yokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ngokufanayo, izigaxa zamazambane zimbozwe "isikhumba" esisebenza ukuvikela izicubu zangaphakathi. Isikhumba samazambane siphinde sibe nenxeba. Ukulimala akunakugwenywa ngesikhathi sokuvuna nokuphatha amazambane. Amanxeba angaba ama-nick, ukusikeka, ukubhoboza, imihuzuko, amafindo aphukile, izindawo eziphukile, noma iyiphi indawo lapho isikhumba siphuka khona.
Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukulimala ngenxa yomphumela olimazayo wokuthuthuka kwesifo okungenzeka kakhulu kanye nokuncipha kwesisindo esikhulu. Amagciwane adala ukubola okomile kwe-Fusarium kanye nokuvuza kwe-Pythium adinga isilonda ukuze atheleleke ku-tuber kuyilapho amagciwane abangela ukubola okubomvana, ukubola okufika sekwephuzile, ukubola kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye namanye angase angasidingi isilonda, kodwa ukutheleleka kwanda kakhulu ngokulimaza. Ukulimaza futhi kunikeza ithuba eliphelele lokuthi isikhunta esingena-pathogenic kanye namagciwane akhule phezu kwendawo elimele. Lezi zinambuzane ze-saprophytic aziyona i-pathogenic, okusho ukuthi azihlaseli noma zithelele i-tuber, futhi azibangeli ukubola.
Lezi zinambuzane zihlala phezu kwesikhumba ezinamabala amnyama, amhlophe, aphuzi, awolintshi noma ansundu. Izindawo ezilimele zivuliwe
izilimo eziyizigaxa zinikeza umthombo womswakama - ubisi lwezitshalo. Ubisi noma ujusi we-tuber uqukethe amanzi nemisoco, kokubili okuvumela ukukhula kwe-pathogen. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwesilonda, ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho kungenzeka ngenxa yokuhlasela kwezifo kanye nokuncipha.
Ngenhlanhla, amazambane anamandla okuphulukisa la manxeba ngokudala i-Band-Aid yawo: i-ronda periderm. I-periderm yesilonda iwungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu lwezicubu ku-tuber yamazambane eyakha ngemva kokuba inxeba lifakwe ebusweni be-tuber. Uma kuqhathaniswa, "i-native periderm" iyingqimba engaphandle kunazo zonke ezigabeni ezikhiqizwa ngesikhathi esitshalweni, okuvikela i-tuber ezifweni nasekulahlekelweni kwamanzi ngenkathi izigaxa zisengaphansi komhlaba. I-periderm yesilonda ikhiqizwa ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda.
I-periderm yesilonda iyizicubu zesikhumba ezakhiwe izingqimba ezintathu; i-phellum, phellogen ne-phelloderm; konke okuyizingqimba zamangqamuzana asebenza njengezicubu ukuvikela i-tuber ekuhlaselweni kwe-pathogenic nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi. Ukufakwa kwe-Suberin kwenzeka ezingqimbeni ezimbili noma ezintathu eziphezulu zamaseli endaweni esikiwe ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-primary suberization evimbela ukungena kwe-pathogen kanye nokuhwamuka ukuthi kwenzeke endaweni yenxeba. Lokhu kubekwa kwe-suberin ngokulandelana kuvumela ukuthi i- phellogen ithuthuke ngaphansi kwesendlalelo esingaphansi endaweni. inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi suberization yesibili.
Ungqimba lwe-"cork", noma i-phellem, lwakha ungqimba olungaphandle lwe-periderm yesilonda futhi lukhiqizwa kusukela ku- phellogen engaphansi, kuyilapho ungqimba lwe- phelloderm luhlala ngaphansi kwesendlalelo se-phellogen. Kuzwakala kuyinkimbinkimbi ngezingqimba ezihlukahlukene, kodwa kukhona ukulandelana okuhlelekile kwezenzakalo zokuthuthukisa isikhumba esisha ukumelana nezimo zemvelo endaweni yokugcina. Kuthatha isikhathi ukuthuthukisa izendlalelo ezahlukahlukene futhi ngayinye isebenzela inhloso ehlukile. Ezinye izingqimba 'ziqinile' kunezinye ukumisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi kanye/noma ukuhlasela kwe-pathogen.
Ijubane lokuphola kwesilonda lizoncika ezintweni eziningana, ezihlanganisa uhlobo lwesilonda, ukuhlukahluka, kanye nezimo zokuphulukisa noma ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda. Amanxeba ajulile noma ama-angle anzima kakhulu ukuphola kwesilonda futhi avikelwe emoyeni ojikelezayo futhi lokhu kunciphisa amandla okoma ngokushesha umswakama nokumisa inqubo yokutheleleka kwezifo. Ukwenza izinto zibe zimbi nakakhulu, ngokuvamile i-ejenti (idwala, unqenqema olubukhali emishini yokuphatha, njll.) ebangela ukulimala komshini esikhumbeni izofaka isilonda ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlamvu zesikhunta noma amangqamuzana ebhaktheriya agxilile enxebeni. Izinhlobonhlobo zingaphendula ngendlela ehlukile enqubweni yokuphola kwesilonda ezinye zingashesha noma zihambe kancane. Ukungenwa yizifo ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ukubola okuthambile kanye nokubola okomile kwe-Fusarium, kungase kube nomthelela ekuphenduleni kokuphola kwesilonda. Ngeshwa, sinolwazi olulinganiselwe mayelana nobude besikhathi sokuphola kwesilonda noma izimo zezinhlobo ngazinye.
Ukulawulwa kokuphola kwesilonda kuvela ezimeni zokuqala amazambane achayeka kuzo ngemva kokuvuna. Izimo ezikahle zokupholisa amanxeba umswakama ophezulu, akukho mswakama wamahhala, ukugeleza komoya okuhle, namazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-50°F. Amazinga okushisa afudumele ngaphezu kuka-50 kuya ku-55 ° F angase abe nenzuzo ekwakhekeni kwe-periderm yesilonda, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo okukhulu nokuncipha kwesisindo kungaba umphumela omubi. Kuhle ukwelapha amazambane emazingeni okushisa anele nje ukuvumela
ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda ngokushesha, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuthi sibe nomthelela ekwehleni kwesisindo, ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo, kanye/noma ezinye izici zekhwalithi. Amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-50°F adinga isikhathi eside sokuphola kwesilonda esingase sivumele izifo ithuba lokuhlasela isilonda.
Isibonelo, uma iRusset Burbank idinga amaviki ama-2 ku-55°F ukuze inxeba liphole, faka isikhathi kanye nezinga lokushisa amazambane achayeka kukho lapho esusa ukushisa kwensimu. Lokhu kuzonciphisa isikhathi emazingeni okushisa okupholisa amanxeba aphakeme. Kuyibhalansi yokuqinisekisa ukuthi asilipholi ngaphansi noma ngokweqile futhi sivumela imiphumela engemihle ukuthi yenzeke.