Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kubhekwa njengenye yezinkinga ezicindezela kakhulu esikhathini sethu. Kulesi simo, inhlabathi idlala indima enkulu kunalokho obekulindelwe. Umhlabathi ungagcina kanyekanye i-CO2 kusuka emkhathini futhi kukhishwe i-CO2 ngokubola kwe-microbial ye-organic matter.
“Inhlabathi inekhabhoni ephindwe kathathu kunezitshalo zezitshalo nekhabhoni ephindwe kabili kunomkhathi. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nezinguquko ezincane kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yenhlabathi zingaba nomthelela omkhulu ku- umjikelezo wekhabhoni womhlaba, yingakho kunokugxila okwandayo kukho ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni emhlabathini ukuze unciphise ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu,” kusho u-postdoc uJohannes Lund Jensen woMnyango Wezokulima eNyuvesi yase-Aarhus.
Kodwa kuzothathani ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni enhlabathini yezolimo? Konke kuqala nge-photosynthesis, lapho izitshalo zisebenzisa amandla okukhanya kwelanga ukuguqula i-CO2 kanye namanzi abe yi-oxygen ne-organic matter ngendlela ye-glucose. Ngakho-ke, kumayelana nokukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-plant biomass. Esimeni sezolimo, ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezitshalo ezingapheli njengotshani kugcizelelwa kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi agcina i-photosynthesis isikhathi eside futhi ngaleyo ndlela afaka ikhabhoni eningi ezingxenyeni zesitshalo ezingavunwa noma ezingasusiwe, ikakhulukazi ohlelweni lwezimpande.
Uhlu lwamandla okugcina ikhabhoni ezinhlelweni zokulima
Kunenani lezenzo ezahlukene ezingase zibe nomthelela ekutheni umhlabathi ugcine ikhabhoni ekulimeni kwansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa okuthembekile kwamandla okugcina ikhabhoni yezinqubo ezahlukene zokulima kudinga ulwazi oluningi. “Okokuqala nje, umuntu uncike ocwaningweni lwesikhathi eside lapho kufundwa khona izindlela zokuphatha. Lokhu kuyadingeka ngoba okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yenhlabathi kushintsha kancane—eminyakeni embalwa,” kusho uSolwazi kanye neNhloko Yesigaba u-Jørgen Eriksen naye ovela eMnyangweni Wezokulima eNyuvesi yase-Aarhus.
Inkinga iwukuthi izivivinyo zesikhathi eside ezinjalo ziyivelakancane futhi zibalulekile. Inyuvesi yase-Aarhus inohlolo olwasungulwa e-Foulum ngo-1987. Lolu cwaningo luqukethe ukuzungezisa amasimu ayisithupha neminyaka emibili yotshani be-clover, okwethulwa endaweni lapho okusanhlamvu kwakutshalwe khona phambilini. Ngo-2006, nokho, ukuhlolwa kwahlukaniswa kabili; ukuzungeza okunye kwaqhubeka neminyaka emibili yotshani be-clover, kanti okunye ukuzungeza manje kwase kunotshani be-clover iminyaka emine.
Izilinganiso zibonisa ukuthi ekujikelezweni kwezitshalo ezinotshani obuyi-1/3 be-clover phakathi naso sonke isikhathi, ikhabhoni yenhlabathi yanda kwaze kwaba yilapho kufinyelelwa esimweni esisha sokulingana. Isimo esisha sokulingana safinyelelwa ngemva kweminyaka engu-20, okwathi ngemva kwalokho okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yenhlabathi akuzange kushintshe nakakhulu. Isilinganiso sonyaka sokugcinwa kwekhabhoni ngokuguqula indawo eyayisetshenziselwa ukutshalwa okusanhlamvu ibe yi-a ukuzungezisa isivuno nge 1/3 clover utshani kwanqunywa ukuba 0.25 amathani ha-1 unyaka-1.
"Ushintsho olukhulu ekugcinweni kwekhabhoni eminyakeni yokuqala yizindaba ezinhle esimweni sezulu, ngoba izinyathelo ezinomphumela obalulekile futhi osheshayo ziyadingeka. Izindaba ezimbi ukuthi kukhona umkhawulo ophezulu kukho konke. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-20, okokufaka akusenawo umphumela, kodwa ukuzungezisa utshani be-clover engu-1/3 kusafanele kugcinwe ukuze kugcinwe amazinga ekhabhoni afinyelelwe. Isibonelo, uma ushintshela ezitshalweni zokusanhlamvu, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwe inhlabathi uzophinde awe ngokushesha,” kuchaza i-postdoc uJohannes Lund Jensen.
Imiphumela ikwenza kucace ukuthi amandla aphelele okugcina ikhabhoni endlela yokusebenza anqunywa yikho kokubili isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze kufinyelelwe esilinganisweni esisha kanye noshintsho oluphelele esitokisini sekhabhoni. Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela, ngokusho kwabacwaningi, ukuthi ukuvikela inhlabathi enekhabhoni ephezulu kubaluleke kakhulu njengokwandisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ngokuqhubekayo, njengoba ngokuvamile kushesha ukulahlekelwa. ikhabhoni kunokulakha.