#PhytosanitaryMeasures #PotatoCystNematode #CropProtection #AgriculturalPests #PlantHealth
Ukutholakala kwe-pale potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida) eLatvia kuye kwaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinyathelo ze-phytosanitary zokuqukatha ukusabalala kwayo. I-State Plant Protection Service (VAAD) ibike ukuba khona kwalesi zinambuzane esonakalisayo epulazini lamazambane Zemgale. Ukusabela, izinyathelo ezinjengokuvinjelwa kokutshalwa kwembewu yamazambane, ukuhlanzwa ngokuphelele kwamathuluzi ezolimo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezikwazi ukumelana nazo ziye zaphoqelelwa. Lesi sihloko sihlola imithelela yalokhu okutholakele futhi sigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuvimbela ukusakazeka okuqhubekayo kwe-nematode.
I-pale potato cyst nematode, uhlobo lwezinambuzane ezihlaselayo, ayikaze ibonwe eLatvia kuze kube manje. Ukutholakala kwawo ensimini yamazambane engamahektha angu-10.33 eZemgale kuphakamise ukukhathazeka phakathi kweziphathimandla zezolimo. Ngomhla zi-3 kuNhlangulana, i-State Plant Protection Service (VAAD) yakhipha isitatimende evuma ukuba khona kwe-nematode futhi yasebenzisa ngokushesha izinyathelo ze-phytosanitary ukunciphisa umthelela wayo.
Izinyathelo ze-Phytosanitary zibalulekile ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwezilwanyana eziyingozi nokuvikela izitshalo ezifweni. Endabeni ye-pale potato cyst nematode, ukuvinjelwa kweminyaka eyisithupha ukutshala imbewu yamazambane kubekwe ensimini ethelelekile. Lesi senzo sihlose ukunciphisa inani le-nematode futhi siphule umjikelezo wempilo yezinambuzane. Ukwengeza, izinqubo zokuhlanzeka eziqinile ziye zagunyazwa, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanzwa okuphelele kwamathuluzi ezolimo ngemva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye. Ngokususa noma yimiphi iminonjana ye-nematode noma amaqanda ayo, ingozi yokutheleleka iyancipha kakhulu.
Esinye isinyathelo esibalulekile ukutshalwa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingazweli ezindaweni lapho ingozi yokusakazeka ingaqedwa. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo azingenwa kalula yi-pale potato cyst nematode futhi zingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka okwengeziwe. Ukusebenzisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingazweli kanye neminye imikhuba ye-phytosanitary kunikeza indlela ebanzi yokubhekana nenkinga ye-nematode.
Ukuba khona kwe-pale potato cyst nematode eLatvia kubangela imiphumela ebalulekile embonini yamazambane yezwe. Ama-Potato cyst nematodes, okuhlanganisa kokubili i-pale potato cyst nematode kanye ne-golden nematode ehlonzwe ngaphambilini (Globodera rostochiensis), izinambuzane ezibhubhisayo ezingadala umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni zamazambane. Ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-nematodes emhlabathini kungaholela ekunciphiseni kwesivuno kuze kufike ku-80%. Lokhu kungaba nomthelela omkhulu kwezomnotho kubalimi kanye nomkhakha wezolimo wonkana.
Izitshalo eziyinhloko zokudluliselwa kwe-nematode amazambane angcolile kanye nokudluliselwa kwenhlabathi nokungcola emishinini yezolimo nasezimotweni. Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo eziqinile zokulawula kanye nemikhuba efanele yenhlanzeko ibalulekile ukuvimbela i-nematode ukuthi ingasakazeki kwezinye izinkambu noma izifunda. Ukwehluleka ukunqanda ukusakazeka kwayo kungase kubangele ukuhlasela okusabalele, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwezitshalo okukhulu kanye nemithwalo emikhulu yezomnotho.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-nematodes awabeki usongo oluqondile empilweni yomuntu. Amazambane anegciwane asengacutshungulwa ngokuphephile ukuze adliwe ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi. Kodwa-ke, umthelela wazo emkhakheni wezolimo kanye nokutholakala kokudla akufanele uthathwe kancane. Isenzo esisheshayo kanye nokugadwa okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukuba khona kwe-pale potato cyst nematode kanye nokuvikela imboni yamazambane yaseLatvia.