Akukho okwakusongela noma okulimazayo ukwedlula ukulahlekelwa okuholela enqwabeni yamazambane eqophelo eliphezulu ekubhebhethekeni kwezifo ezivela kumazambane ambalwa anamagciwane.
Iyini i-ozone? Iwuhlobo olungazinzile lwe-oxygen olunama-athomu amathathu omoya-mpilo esikhundleni samabili. Umoya-mpilo ungu-O2, futhi i-ozone yi-O3. Akuyona intuthu, hhayi ukungcola; kumane nje kuwuhlobo lomoya-mpilo ongazinzile. Eqinisweni, i-ozone ikhiqizwa Emvelweni ngesikhathi sokuduma kwezulu. Uma uhamba ngaphandle ngemva kwesiphepho futhi uhogela ukusha komoya, lelo phunga eliqabulayo liwumphumela wokuthi uMama Wemvelo usebenzise i-ozone yemvelo, ephephile ukuze ahlanze umoya.
I-athomu yesithathu yomoya-mpilo ayiboshiwe kakhulu kwamanye ama-athomu amabili ku-molecule ye-ozone. I-molecule yesithathu iyahlukana, ishiye umoya-mpilo omsulwa i-O2, ne-molecule eyodwa yomoya-mpilo, i-O1. Le molecule eyodwa izoqala ngokushesha ukufuna indawo yokuzinamathisela, futhi ngokuvamile, izohlangana namagciwane, isikhunta, izinhlamvu, njll., ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-oxidation.
Lapho le molecule ye-oksijini yamahhala ihlangana nezinto eziphilayo, ngokuyisisekelo ibangela ukuba udonga lwamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo lushise, luvumele izinto eziphilayo ezingaphakathi ukuba ziphume, lapho, ngaphandle kokondliwa noma ukuvikelwa, ziyafa. Yonke le nqubo ayishiyi lutho ngaphandle kwegobolondo elishile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-ozone iyisihlanzi esinamandla nesibulala amagciwane. Izindaba ezinhle ngempela ukuthi azikho izinsalela zamakhemikhali ayingozi ezisele - nje umoya-mpilo kanye nesikhutha.
Ngo-1994, umlimi wamazambane empumalanga ye-Idaho uRollie Walker wathintwa usomabhizinisi omncane waseningizimu ye-Idaho owayefuna abatshalizimali ukuze enze inqubo ayenayo igunya lobunikazi bokwenza i-ozone. U-Walker wahlabeka umxhwele ngekhono le-ozone lokuhlanzeka. Waqaphela ukuthi ngaphezu kokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane emoyeni ngisho namanzi, i-ozone iyisikhali esiqine kunazo zonke sikaMama Wemvelo sokubhubhisa amagciwane. Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-1994 lwabonisa ukuthi i-ozone ingathuthukisa ukumelana nezifo kwesitshalo. Izivivinyo zocwaningo zibonise izimfanelo ezivikela ingaphezulu lezithelo nemifino ekwakhiweni kwamagciwane okuzayo.
U-Walker wazibuza ukuthi i-ozone ingasetshenziswa yini ngokuphepha nangempumelelo ukubulala amagciwane angaphezulu kwamazambane futhi kuncishiswe ukusabalala kokonakala endaweni yokugcina. Akukho okwakusongela noma okulimazayo ukwedlula ukulahlekelwa okuholela enqwabeni yamazambane eqophelo eliphezulu ekubhebhethekeni kwezifo ezivela kumazambane ambalwa anamagciwane. Njengoba behlale behlabeke umxhwele ngekhono lika-Lynn Johnson lokwakha nokuthuthukisa imishini yokubamba amazambane ebanzi kanye nesizinda sakhe sokukhiqiza, bacela uJohnson ukuthi abasize ukuthuthukisa i-O3CO yezolimo, ikakhulukazi amazambane.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuqala, ngosizo lweNyuvesi yase-Idaho Extension Service, bafunda ukuthi i-O3CO inganikeza ukulawula okuphumelelayo kwamagciwane amaningi ayingozi angatholakala endaweni yamazambane, njenge-Erwinia (ukubola okuthambile), i-Fusarium (ukubola okomile), i-Helminthosporium. (i-silver scurf), i-Phytophthora (i-blight late) kanye ne-Rhizoctonia (i-black scurf). Baphinde bathola ukuthi i-ozone yayingabulali amagciwane kuphela, kodwa yehlisa ukusabalala kokungcola kwesitoreji okubangelwa amagciwane, ukubola okubomvana kanye nokulimala kwesithwathwa. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukugcina ukudla okuningi kuphephile, okungadingi makhemikhali.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, inkampani iye yathuthukisa imiklamo yemishini nezindlela zokwelapha. Le ntuthuko ibangele ukwanda ngamaphesenti angu-3,000 kokukhiqizwa kwe-ozone ngehora ngaphezu kwemiklamo yokuqala yemishini. Isifundo esibaluleke kakhulu kwakuwukuthi imiphumela enamandla, ene-oxidizing ye-ozone uma isetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ingabangela ukugqwala esakhiweni sensimbi. I-O3CO yanquma ukushintsha yonke indlela yayo futhi, kunokuba isebenzise inani eliqhubekayo le-ozone ukuze iqukathe amagciwane, isikhunta, njll., izokwenza imishini emikhulu futhi isebenzise amanani aphezulu e-ozone ngezikhathi ezimfushane. Kwatholakala ukuthi kwakungekho ukugqwala futhi izinga elingcono lokubulala amagciwane lafinyelelwa. Kusukela lapho, inkampani incoma "ukuqhunyiswa" okokugcina, ethola ukulawula futhi aqhubeke.
Imiphumela ibonakale isebenza kakhulu futhi imiphumela emibi ayisekho.