#PotatoPlant #Propagation #Physiology #Tubers #SeedPotatoes #Stolons #Sprouts #Roots #Flowers
Ukusatshalaliswa kwamazambane okuhweba ngokuyinhloko kuhilela ukutshala imbewu yamazambane noma izingcezu zembewu, okuyizilimo eziyizigaxa eziphelele noma ezisikiwe. Lezi zinhlamvu zamazambane ziqukethe "amehlo" noma ama-axial buds, lapho kuvela khona ukukhula okusha. Nakuba isitshalo ekuqaleni sithatha isikhathi ukuvela, siyathuthuka ngokushesha njengoba singena kuma-carbohydrate amaningi.
Ukwakheka kwesitshalo samazambane esikhula ocezwini lwembewu esikiwe kuveza izakhiwo ezibalulekile. Ake sihlole izingxenye ezibalulekile zesitshalo samazambane:
Isiqu kanye Nezicubu Zeqabunga: Ngaphezu komhlabathi, isiqu kanye nezicubu zeqabunga lesitshalo samazambane kwakheka. Amaqabunga akhula ngendlela ezungezayo endaweni ngayinye, amaqabunga amadala kakhulu atholakala phansi kwesiqu futhi amancane phezulu. Amaqabunga adlala indima ebalulekile ekubambeni ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze aguqule amandla, kuyilapho iziqu zihlinzeka ngokusekela, ukuthutha amanzi kanye nemisoco phakathi kwezimpande namahlamvu, futhi zenza kube lula ukuhamba kwama-carbohydrate ukusuka emaqabunga kuya ezigabeni ukuze zigcinwe. Lesi sitshalo esingaphezulu komhlaba sibizwa ngokuthi i-haulm, canopy, noma umvini.
Amahlumela: Ukuvuvukala nokunwebeka kwamehlo okulandelayo kubangela ukwakheka kwamahlumela. Amahlumela ayizimpawu zokuqala ezibonakalayo zokukhula kwezitshalo ngemva kokutshala futhi ekugcineni akhule abe yiziqu ezinamaqabunga njengoba ephuma ngaphezu komhlabathi.
Stolons: Ama-Stolons aguqulwa iziqu ezingaphansi komhlaba. Angakwazi ukunwebeka aze afinyelele emhlabathini futhi akhule abe yiziqu ezinamahlamvu noma, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokuphatha, aqale ukuvuvuka, okuholela ekuqaliseni kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezintsha. Ama-Stolons aqala ukwakheka phakathi namasonto amathathu etshalwe futhi akhule avundlile asuka kuhlumela.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa: Izigaxa zakha ekupheleni kwama-stolons futhi ngokuyinhloko zisebenza njengezitho zokugcina ama-carbohydrate akhiqizwa amaqabunga esitshalo e-photosynthesizing. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane, ezaziwa nge-tuberization, zivame ukuvela lapho izitshalo zifinyelela ubude obuyi-15 kuya ku-20 cm, cishe amasonto amahlanu kuya kwangu-5 ngemva kokutshala. Ama-Tubers aneziphetho ezimbili: i-proximal end (i-stem end) lapho i-tuber inamathela ku-stolon kanye ne-distal end (i-bud end) lapho kutholakala khona amaseli amancane kanye nenani eliphakeme kakhulu lamehlo. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zimbozwe izicubu zesikhumba (i-periderm), equkethe izimbotshana ezincane ezibizwa ngama-lentil. Lezi zakhiwo ezivikelayo zivikela i-tuber ekhulayo ekucindezelekeni kanye namagciwane ngenkathi ivumela ukushintshaniswa kwegesi nomhlabathi. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezitshalwe enhlabathini enamanzi ngokuvamile ziveza ama-lentile akhulisiwe, okunciphisa ukumelana nokuhlasela kwe-pathogen.
Izinhlamvu zembewu: Izingcezu zembewu yokusakazwa kwamazambane kufanele zisuka ku-55 kuye ku-80 amagremu ngosayizi. Zingaba izigaxa eziphelele noma izingcezu ezisikiwe, kodwa kufanele zibe neso okungenani elilodwa elihlumayo. Izindwangu zembewu ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukubola nokukhula kwezifo.
Roots: Izimpande zingavela kuzo zombili iziqhumane zezithombo ezinde ngaphezu kwesiqeshana sembewu kanye nasocezwini lwembewu ngokwalo. Isitshalo samazambane sinesistimu yezimpande engashoni kakhulu (<30 cm) kanye nezimpande ezincane, okudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela ekuphathweni kwamanzi kanye nezakhamzimba.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zakhiwo, isitshalo samazambane sibuye sibonisa ama-petioles amade anepheshana elilodwa lokugcina ekugcineni kwawo, alandelwe umugqa wamapheshana aphikisanayo. Izimbali, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-inflorescence, zingase zivele lapho isitshalo sesenze amaqabunga ayi-10 kuya kwayi-13. Umbala wezimbali ungahluka, kufaka phakathi omhlophe, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi, opinki, noma obomvu. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo futhi kungase kuthonywe ukucindezeleka. Ngokuphawulekayo, i-tuberization ingenzeka ngaphandle kokuqhakaza, okuvumela ukwakheka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezintsha ngisho nalapho izimbali zingekho.
Ukuqonda ukusabalala kanye ne-physiology yesitshalo samazambane kwenza abalimi nabacwaningi bakwazi ukuthuthukisa amasu okulima futhi bathuthukise isivuno sezitshalo. Ngokukhetha imbewu yamazambane afanelekile, ukuphatha amanzi nezakhi zomsoco, nokuqapha ukucindezelwa kwezitshalo, abalimi bangakhuthaza ukukhula kwe-tuber enempilo. Ukwengeza, ulwazi lokwakheka kwesitshalo samazambane kanye nezigaba zokukhula lusiza ekugwemeni izifo futhi luvumela ukungenelela okufika ngesikhathi uma kuba nezinkinga.
Ngokuhlolisisa ubunkimbinkimbi besitshalo samazambane, singalwazisa uhambo olumangalisayo ukusuka kumazambane embewu kuya ezigabeni ezikhule ngokugcwele, okuqinisekisa ukutholakala okuqhubekayo kwalesi sitshalo esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi nesibalulekile.